eHammurabi

Introduction

Overview

The Law Code of Hammurabi is one of the oldest legal texts from ancient Mesopotamia. The artifact, a basalt stele, is believed to have been created between c. 1792–1750 BCE. It was discovered by Jacques Jean Marie de Morgan's team around 1901 in Susa, or present-day Iran. The name "Hammurabi" belongs to the sixth ruler of the Old Babylonian dynasty. The cuneiform inscription is in the Old Babylonian language, which is a later dialect of ancient Akkadian.

The inscription contains three sections composed of c. 4,150 lines: a Prologue, a list of statutes, and an Epilogue. The Prologue contains c. 300 lines and declares Hammurabi's divine authority over the land. Therein, Hammurabi boasts of his accomplishments and intimacy with Marduk, among other deities. The bulk of the text is said to contain 282 statutes, or individual laws, according to most scholars. The laws deal with various areas of life in Babylon: property, crime, contracts, marriage, family, and commerce. The Epilogue contains c. 300 lines and codifies Hammurabi's desire to serve justice throughout the land by means of the statutes noted above. The inscription ends with praise unto various deities and descriptions of punishments for anyone who tries to damage the artifact.

Figure: Map of Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia - Historical Region - OMNIKA Maps

Source: OMNIKA Maps

Artifact

The primary artifact associated with the laws is a basalt stele at the Louvre Museum in Paris, France, and is titled Law Code of Hammurabi, king of Babylon.

The museum description of the artifact reads thus:

The Law Code of Hammurabi is the emblem of the Mesopotamian civilization. This high basalt stele erected by the king of Babylon in the 18th century BC is a work of art, history and literature, and the most complete legal compendium of Antiquity, dating back to earlier than the Biblical laws. Carried there by a prince from the neighboring country of Elam in Iran in the 12th century BC, the monument was exhibited on the Susa acropolis among other prestigious Mesopotamian masterpieces.

The well-known artifact has been recreated and displayed at many other museums around the world. However, there are other artifacts associated with the laws aside from this one.

Figure: Hammurabi's Stele

Law Code of Hammurabi - Basalt Stele - Louvre Museum, Paris, France

Source: Louvre Museum

Inscription

Below the "fingertip" of the tall stele is a long cuneiform inscription in the Akkadian language.

Hammurabi's Laws

Structure

Most of the laws are structured as an "if-then" conditional statement; e.g., "if X happens, then Y is the result." The "if" clause is called the protasis and the "then" clause is called the apodosis. Some laws utilize contextual details from prior paragraphs.

Format

Scholars who practice Assyriology utilize specific terms that a normal person may be unfamiliar with. Four of these are important for understanding the contents of this website: (1) cuneiform; (2) transliteration; (3) normalization, and; (4) translation.

For a given inscription, (1) cuneiform is the writing system used. It is shown as an image in this website. The symbols are inscribed on a surface using a stylus in the form of a series of wedge-shaped marks. (2) Transliteration is the transfer of sound (phonetic) values from one script into another, and looks like this: "šum-ma a-wi-lum." Uppercase transliterations are usually logograms, or symbols that represent whole words or concepts. (3) Normalization is the application of Akkadian grammar to the transliteration. Finally, the (4) translation is the rendering of the normalization into a given language, English in the case of this website.

Sources

The cuneiform images are derived from Bergmann (1953). Most of the transliterations are from Huehnergard (2011) and some are from Huehnergard (2013). Most of the normalizations and English translations are from Huehnergard (2013). The grouping of the laws utilized in the menu of this website is derived from two sources: Richardson (2004, pp. 25-27) and Abulhab (2017, p. 4). See the full Bibliography for more information.

Cuneiform

Transliteration

Normalization

Translation

§ 1

Bergmann (1953, p. 4, col. V, lns. 26–32)

Law § 1 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 277)

šum-ma a-wi-lum a-wi-lam ú-ub-bi-ir-ma ne-er-tam e-li-šu id-di-ma la uk-ti-in-šu mu-ub-bi-ir-šu id-da-ak

Huehnergard (2013, p. 64)

šumma awīlum awīlam ubbir-ma nērtam elīšu iddī-ma lā uktīššu, mubbiršu iddâk.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 64)

If a man accused a man and laid (a charge of) murder against him but has not convicted him, his accuser will be executed.

§ 2

Bergmann (1953, p. 4, col. V, lns. 33–56)

Law § 2 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 64)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ki-iš-pí e-li a-wi-lim id-di-ma la uk-ti-in-šu ša e-li-šu ki-iš-pu na-du-ú a-na ^dÍD i-il-la-ak ^dÍD i-ša-al-li-a-am-ma šum-ma ^dÍD ik-ta-ša-sú mu-ub-bi-ir-šu É-sú i-tab-ba-al šum-ma a-wi-lam šu-a-ti ^dÍD ú-te-eb-bi-ba-aš-šu-ma iš-ta-al-ma-am ša e-li-šu ki-iš-pí id-du-ú id-da-ak ša ^dÍD iš-li-a-am É mu-ub-bi-ri-šu i-tab-ba-al

Huehnergard (2013, p. 65)

šumma awīlum kišpī eli awīlim iddī-ma lā uktīššu, ša elīšu kišpū nadû ana Id illak; Id išalliam-ma šumma Id iktašassu mubbiršu bīssu itabbal; šumma awīlam šuāti Id ūtebbibaššū-ma ištalmam, ša elīšu kišpī iddû iddâk; ša Id išliam bīt mubbirīšu itabbal.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 65)

If a man laid a charge of witchcraft against a man but has not convicted him, the one against whom the witchcraft charge was laid will go to the River; he will dive into the River, and if the River has defeated him, his accuser will take away his estate; if the River has cleared that man and he has come out alright, the one who laid the witchcraft charge against him will be executed; the one who dove into the River will take away the estate of his accuser.

§ 3

Bergmann (1953, p. 4, col. V, lns. 57–67)

Law § 3 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 216)

šum-ma a-wi-lum i-na di-nim a-na ši-bu-ut sà-ar-ra-tim ú-ṣí-a-am-ma a-wa-at iq-bu-ú la uk-ti-in šum-ma di-nu-um šu-ú di-in na-pí-iš-tim a-wi-lum šu-ú id-da-ak

Huehnergard (2013, p. 47)

šumma awīlum ina dīnim ana šībūt sarrātim uṣiam-ma awāt/awât iqbû lā uktīn, šumma dīnum šū dīn napištim, awīlum šū iddâk.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 47)

If a man came forth in a legal case for (presenting) false testimony (lit. testimony of falsehoods), and has not proved the word/words he spoke, if that case is a capital case, that man will be executed.

§ 4

Bergmann (1953, p. 4, col. V–VI, lns. 68; 1–5)

Law § 4 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 113)

šum-ma a-na ši-bu-ut ŠE ù KUG.BABBAR ú-ṣí-a-am a-ra-an di-nim šu-a-ti it-ta-na-aš-ši.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 113)

šumma ana šībūt êm u kaspim uṣiam, aran dīnim šuāti ittanašši.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 113)

If he came forth for testimony about grain or silver, he will bear the penalty of that case.

§ 5

Bergmann (1953, p. 4, col. VI, lns. 6–30)

Law § 5 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 382)

šum-ma da-a-a-nu-um di-nam i-di-in pu-ru-sà-am ip-ru-ús ku-nu-uk-kam ú-še-zi-ib wa-ar-ka-nu-um-ma di-in-šu i-te-ni da-a-a-nam šu-a-ti i-na di-in i-di-nu e-ne-em ú-ka-an-nu-šu-ma ru-gu-um-ma-am ša i-na di-nim šu-a-ti ib-ba-aš-šu-ú A.RÁ 12-šu i-na-ad-di-in ù i-na pu-úḫ-ri-im i-na ^gišGU.ZA da-a-a-nu-ti-šu ú-še-et-bu-ú-šu-ma ú-ul i-ta-ar-ma it-ti da-a-a-ni i-na di-nim ú-ul uš-a(!TA)-ab

Huehnergard (2013, p. 99–100)

šumma dayyānum dīnam idīn, purussâm iprus, kunukkam ušēzib, warkānum-ma dīššu īteni, dayyānam šuāti ina dīn idīnu enêm ukannūšū-ma rugummâm ša ina dīnim šuāti ibbaššû adi šinšerīšu inaddin; u ina puḫrim ina kussi dayyānūtīšu ušetbûšû-ma ul itâr-ma itti dayyānī ina dīnim ul uššab.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 100)

If a judge adjudicated a decision, rendered a verdict, had a sealed document deposited, (and) later on changed his decision, that judge will be convicted of changing the decision he adjudicated and will give up to twelve times the fine that was in force in that judgment; further, he will be removed from his judicial seat in the assembly, and will not longer sit with the judges in decision(s).

§ 6

Bergmann (1953, p. 4, col. VI, lns. 31–40)

Law § 6 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 42)

šum-ma a-wi-lum NÍG.GA DINGIR ù É.GAL iš-ri-iq a-wi-lum šu-ú id-da-ak ù ša šu-úr-qá-am i-na qá-ti-šu im-ḫu-ru id-da-ak

Huehnergard (2013, p. 42)

šumma awīlum makkūr ilim ū ekallim išriq awīlum šū iddâk; u ša šurqam ina qātīšu imḫuru iddâk.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 42)

If a man stole property of a god or the palace, that man will be executed; moreover, whoever received stolen property from him will be executed.

§ 7

Bergmann (1953, p. 4, col. VI, lns. 41–56)

Law § 7 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 50)

[š]um-ma a-wi-lum lu KUG.BABBAR lu KUG.SIG₁₇ lu ÌR lu GEME₂ lu GUD lu UDU lu ANŠE ù lu mi-im-ma šum-šu i-na qá-at DUMU a-wi-lim!(LUM) ù lu ÌR a-wi-lim ba-lum ši-bi ù ri-ik-sa-tim iš-ta-am ù lu ana ma-ṣa-ru-tim im-ḫu-ur a-wi-lum šu-ú šar-ra-aq id-da-ak

Huehnergard (2013, p. 50)

šumma awīlum lū kaspam lū ḫurāṣam lū wardam lū amtam lū alpam lū immeram lū imēram ū lū mimma šumšu ina qāt mār awīlim ū lū warad awīlim balum šībī u riksātim ištām ū lū ana maṣṣarūtim imḫur awīlum šū šarrāq iddâk.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 50–51)

If a man has purchased or accepted for safekeeping either silver or gold or a male slave or a female slave or an ox or a sheep or a donkey or anything at all from a member of the awīlum class or an awīlum’s slave without witnesses and contracts, said man is a thief; he will be executed.

§ 8

Bergmann (1953, p. 4–5, col. VI, lns. 57–69)

Law § 8 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 350)

šum-ma a-wi-lum lu GUD lu UDU lu ANŠE lu šaḫâm(ŠAḪ) ù lu ^gišMÁ iš-ri-iq šum-ma ša i-lim šum-ma ša É.GAL A.RÁ 30-šu i-na-ad-di-in šum-ma ša MAŠ.EN.GAG A.RÁ 10-šu i-ri-a-ab šum-ma šar-ra-qá-nu-um ša na-da-nim la i-šu id-da-ak

Huehnergard (2013, p. 88)

šumma awīlum lū alpam lū immeram lū imēram lū šaḫâm ū lū eleppam išriq šumma ša ilim šumma ša ekallim, adi šalāšāʾīšu inaddin; šumma ša muškēnim, adi ešrīšu irīab; šumma šarrāqānum ša nadānim lā īšu, iddâk.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 88)

If a man stole either an ox or a sheep or a donkey or a pig or a boat, if it belonged to the god or the palace, he will give up to thirty-fold; if it belonged to a muškēnum, he will give back up to ten-fold; if the thief in question does not have what must be given (or, anything to give) he will be executed.

§ 9

Bergmann (1953, p. 5, col. VI–VII, lns. 70; 1–47)

Law § 9 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 382)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ša mi-im-mu-šu ḫal-qú mi-im-ma-šu ḫal-qá-am i-na qá-ti a-wi-lim iṣ-ṣa-ba-at a-wi-lum ša ḫu-ul-qum i-na qá-ti-šu ṣa-ab-tu na-di-na-nu-um-mi id-di-nam ma-ḫar ši-bi-mi a-ša-am iq-ta-bi ù be-el ḫu-ul-qí-im ši-bi mu-de ḫu-ul-qí-ia-mi lu-ub-lam iq-ta-bi ša-a-a-ma-nu-um na-di-in id-di-nu-šum ù ši-bi ša i-na maḫ-ri-šu-nu i-ša-mu it-ba-lam ù be-el ḫu-ul-qí-im ši-bi mu-de ḫu-ul-qí-šu it-ba-lam da-a-a-nu a-wa-a-ti-šu-nu i-im-ma-ru-ma ši-bu ša maḫ-ri-šu-nu ši-mu-um iš-ša-mu ù ši-bu mu-de ḫu-ul-qí-im mu-du-sú-nu ma-ḫar i-lim i-qá-ab-bu-ma na-di-na-nu-um šar-ra-aq id-da-ak be-el ḫu-ul-qí-im ḫu-lu-uq-šu i-le-qé ša-a-a-ma-nu-um i-na bi-it na-di-na-nim KUG.BABBAR iš-qú-lu i-le-qé

Huehnergard (2013, p. 100)

šumma awīlum ša mimmûšu ḫalqu mimmâšu ḫalqam ina qāti/qātī awīlim iṣṣabat, awīlum ša ḫulqum ina qātīšu ṣabtu "nādinānum-mi iddinam; maḫar šībī-mi ašām" iqtabi, u bēl ḫulqim "šībī mūde ḫulqīyā-mi lublam" iqtabi, šayyāmānum nādin iddinūšum u šībī ša ina maḫrīšunu išāmu itbalam u bēl ḫulqim šībī mūde ḫulqīšu itbalam, dayyānū awâtīšunu immarū-ma šībū ša maḫrīšunu šīmum iššāmu u šībū mūde ḫulqim mūdûssunu maḫar ilim iqabbû-ma nādinānum šarrāq; iddâk; bēl ḫulqim ḫuluqšu ileqqe; šayyāmānum ina bīt nādinānim kasap išqulu ileqqe.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 100)

If a man whose property is missing has seized his missing property in a(nother) man’s possession, (and) the man in whose possession the missing property was seized has said, “A seller sold to me; I bought before witnesses,” and the owner of the stolen property has said, “Let me produce witnesses who recognize my stolen property,” (and) the buyer has produced the seller who sold to him and the witnesses before whom he bought and the owner of the stolen property has produced the witnesses who recognize his stolen property, the judges will consider their words and if the witnesses before whom the purchase was made and the witnesses who recognize the stolen property say what they know before the god then the seller is a thief; he will be executed; the owner of the stolen property will receive his stolen property; the buyer will receive the silver he weighed out from the seller’s estate.

§ 10

Bergmann (1953, p. 5, col. VII, lns. 48–61)

Law § 10 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 382)

šum-ma ša-a-a-ma-nu-um na-di-in id-di-nu-šum ù ši-bi ša i-na maḫ-ri-šu-nu i-ša-mu la it-ba-lam be-el ḫu-ul-qí-im-ma ši-bi mu-de ḫu-ul-qí-šu it-ba-lam ša-a-a-ma-nu-um šar-ra-aq id-da-ak be-el ḫu-ul-qí-im ḫu-lu-uq-šu i-le-qé

Huehnergard (2013, p. 100)

šumma šayyāmānum nādin iddinūšum u šībī ša ina maḫrīšunu išāmu lā itbalam, bēl ḫulqim-ma šībī mūde ḫulqīšu itbalam, šayyāmānum šarrāq iddâk; bēl ḫulqim ḫuluqšu ileqqe.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 100)

If the buyer has not produced the seller who sold to him and the witnesses before whom he bought, but the owner of the stolen property has produced witnesses who recognize his stolen property, the buyer is a thief; he will be executed; the owner of the property will receive his stolen property.

§ 11

Bergmann (1953, p. 5, col. VII–VIII, lns. 62–65; 1–3)

Law § 11 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 382)

šum-ma be-el ḫu-ul-qí-im ši-bi mu-de ḫu-ul-qí-šu la it-ba-lam sà-ar tu-uš-ša-am-ma id-ke id-da-ak

Huehnergard (2013, p. 100)

šumma bēl ḫulqim šībī mūde ḫulqīšu lā itbalam, sar; tuššam-ma idke; iddâk.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 100)

If the owner of the property has not produced witnesses who recognise his stolen property he is a liar; he raised only slander; he will be executed.

§ 12

Bergmann (1953, p. 5, col. VIII, lns. 4–13)

Law § 12 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 382–383)

šum-ma na-di-na-nu-um a-na ši-im-tim it-ta-la-ak ša-a-a-ma-nu-um i-na bi-it na-di-na-nim ru-gu-um-me-e di-nim šu-a-ti A.RÁ 5-šu i-le-qé

Huehnergard (2013, p. 100)

šumma nādinānum ana šīmtim ittalak, šayyāmānum ina bīt nādinānim rugummê dīnim šuāti adi ḫamšīšu ileqqe.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 100)

If the seller has passed on, the buyer will receive up to five times the fine for that judgment from the seller’s estate.

§ 13

Bergmann (1953, p. 5–6, col. VIII, lns. 14–24)

Law § 13 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 414)

šum-ma a-wi-lum šu-ú ši-bu-šu la qer-bu da-a-a-nu a-da-nam a-na ITI.6.KAM i-ša-ak-ka-nu-šum-ma šum-ma i-na ITI.6.KAM ši-bi-šu la ir-de-a-am a-wi-lum šu-ú sà-ar a-ra-an di-nim šu-a-ti it-ta-na-aš-ši

Huehnergard (2013, p. 112)

šumma awīlum šū šībūšu lā qerbū, dayyānū adānam ana šeššet warḫī išakkanūšum-ma, šumma ina šeššet warḫī šībīšu lā irdeam awīlum šū sar; aran dīnim šuāti ittanašši.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 112)

If that man’s witnesses are not nearby, the judges will set for him a period of six months, and if in six months he has not brought forward his witnesses, that man is a liar; he will bear the penalty of that case.

§ 14

Bergmann (1953, p. 6, col. VIII, lns. 25–29)

Law § 14 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 34)

šum-ma a-wi-lum DUMU a-wi-lim ṣe-eḫ-ra-am iš-ta-ri-iq id-da-ak

Huehnergard (2013, p. 34)

šumma awīlum mār awīlim ṣeḫram ištariq iddâk.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 34)

If a man has kidnapped (lit., stolen) the young son of a man (or, a young member of the awīlum class), he will be executed.

§ 15

Bergmann (1953, p. 6, col. VIII, lns. 30–36)

Law § 15 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 316)

šum-ma a-wi-lum lu ÌR É.GAL lu GEME₂ É.GAL lu ÌR MAŠ.EN.GAG lu GEME₂ MAŠ.EN.GAG ABUL uš-te-ṣí id-da-ak

Huehnergard (2013, p. 77)

šumma awīlum lū warad ekallim lū amat ekallim lū warad muškēnim lū amat muškēnim abullam uštēṣi, iddâk.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 77)

If a man let a male or female slave whether of the palace or of a muškēnum escape through the city gate, he will be executed.

§ 16

Bergmann (1953, p. 6, col. VIII, lns. 37–48)

Law § 16 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 32)

šum-ma a-wi-lum lu wardam lu amtam ḫal-ga-am ša êkallim u lu MAŠ.EN.KAK i-na bi-ti-šu ir-ta-ki-ma a-na ši-si-it na-gi-ri-im la uš-te-zi-a-am be-el bîtim šu-u id-da-ak

Richardson (2004, p. 46)

šumma awīlum lu wardam lu amtam ḫalqam ša ekallim u lu muškēnim ina bītišu irtaqīma ana šisīt nāgirim la ušteṣiam, bēl bītim šû iddâk.

Richardson (2004, p. 47)

If a man has hidden in his house a slave or slave-girl who has disappeared from the temple or from a workman and does not produce them when the alarm is raised, the owner of that house shall be killed.

§ 17

Bergmann (1953, p. 6, col. VIII, lns. 49–58)

Law § 17 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 95)

šum-ma a-wi-lum lu ÌR lu GEME₂ ḫal-qá-am i-na ṣe-ri-im iṣ-ba-at-ma a-na be-lí-šu ir-te-de-a-aš-šu 2 GÍN KUG.BABBAR be-el ÌR i-na-ad-di-iš-šum

Huehnergard (2013, p. 95)

šumma awīlum lū wardam lū amtam ḫalqam ina ṣērim iṣbat-ma ana bēlīšu irtedeaššu, šinā šiqil kaspam bēl wardim inaddiššum

Huehnergard (2013, p. 95)

If a man captured an escaped male or female slave in the hinterland and has conducted him to his owner, the slave’s owner will give him two shekels of silver.

§ 18

Bergmann (1953, p. 6, col. VIII, lns. 59–67)

Law § 18 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 95)

šum-ma ÌR šu-ú be-el-šu la iz-za-kar a-na É.GAL i-re-ed-de-šu wa-ar-ka-sú ip-pa-ar-ra-ás-ma a-na be-lí-šu ú-ta-ar-ru-šu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 95)

šumma wardum šū bēlšu lā izzakar, ana ekallim ireddēšu; warkassu ipparras-ma ana bēlīšu utarrūšu.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 95)

If said slave has not named his owner, he will conduct him to the palace; the circumstances of his case will be investigated and he will be returned to his owner.

§ 19

Bergmann (1953, p. 6, col. VIII–IX, lns. 68–72; 1–4)

Law § 19 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 95)

šum-ma ÌR šu-a-ti i-na bi-ti-šu ik-ta-la-šu wa-ar-ka ÌR i-na qá-ti-šu it-ta-aṣ-ba-at a-wi-lum šu-ú id-da-ak.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 95)

šumma wardam šuāti ina bītīšu iktalāšu warka wardum ina qātīšu ittaṣbat, awīlum šû iddâk.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 95)

If he has kept that slave in his house (and) later the slave has been caught in his possession, that man will be executed.

§ 20

Bergmann (1953, p. 6, col. IX, lns. 5–13)

Law § 20 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 427)

šum-ma ÌR i-na qá-at ṣa-bi-ta-ni-šu iḫ-ta-li-iq a-wi-lum šu-ú a-na be-el ÌR ni-iš i-lim i-za-kar-ma ú-ta-aš-šar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 117)

šumma wardum ina qāt ṣābitānīšu iḫtaliq, awīlum šū ana bēl wardim nīš ilim izakkar-ma ūtaššar.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 117)

If the slave has escaped from his captor(s), that man will swear by the life of the god to the slave’s owner and be released.

§ 21

Bergmann (1953, p. 6, col. IX, lns. 14–21)

Law § 21 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 177)

šum-ma a-wi-lum bi-tam ip-lu-uš i-na pa-ni pí-il-ši-im šu-a- ti i-du-uk-ku-šu-ma i-ʾa₄-al-la-lu-šu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 37)

šumma awīlum bītam ipluš, ina pāni pilšim šuāti idukkūšū-ma iḫallalūšu.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 37)

If a man broke into a house, he will be executed and hung in front of that breach.

§ 22

Bergmann (1953, p. 6, col. IX, lns. 22–27)

Law § 22 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 367)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ḫu-ub-tam iḫ-bu-ut-ma it-ta-aṣ-ba-at a-wi-lum šu-ú id-da-ak

Huehnergard (2013, p. 93)

šumma awīlum ḫubtam iḫbut-ma ittaṣbat, awīlum šū iddâk.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 93)

If a man committed a robbery and has been caught, that man will be executed.

§ 23

Bergmann (1953, p. 6, col. IX, lns. 28–45)

Law § 23 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 367)

šum-ma ḫa-ab-ba-tum la it-ta-aṣ-ba-at a-wi-lum ḫa-ab-tum mi-im-ma-šu ḫal-qá-am ma-ḫa-ar i-lim ú-ba-ar-ma URU ù ra-bi-a-nu-um ša i-na er-ṣe-ti-šu-nu ù pa-ṭi-šu-nu ḫu-ub-tum iḫ-ḫa-ab-tu mi-im-ma-šu ḫal-qá-am i-ri-a-ab-bu-šum

Huehnergard (2013, p. 93)

šumma ḫabbātum lā ittaṣbat, awīlum ḫabtum mimmâšu ḫalqam maḫar ilim ubār-ma ālum u rabiānum ša ina erṣetīšunu u pāṭīšunu ḫubtum iḫḫabtu mimmâšu ḫalqam iribbūšum.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 93)

If the robber has not been caught, the robbed man will establish his missing property before the god and the town and mayor in whose region and district the robbery was committed will replace his missing property for him.

§ 24

Bergmann (1953, p. 6–7, col. IX, lns. 46–50)

Law § 24 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 367)

šum-ma na-pí-iš-tum URU ù ra-bi-a-nu-um 1 MA.NA KUG.BABBAR a-na ni-ši-šu i-ša-qá-lu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 93)

šumma napištum, ālum u rabiānum ištēn manā kaspam ana nišīšu išaqqalū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 93)

If a life (was lost), the town and mayor will weight [sic] out one mina of silver to his people.

§ 25

Bergmann (1953, p. 7, col. IX, lns. 51–65)

Law § 25 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 367)

šum-ma i-na É a-wi-lim i-ša-tum in-na-pí-iḫ-ma a-wi-lum ša a-na bu-ul-li-im il-li-ku a-na nu-ma-at be-el É i-in-šu iš-ši-ma nu-ma-at be-el É il-te-qé(!DI) a-wi-lum šu-ú a-na i-ša-tim šu-a-ti in-na-ad-di

Huehnergard (2013, p. 93)

šumma ina bīt awīlim išātum innapiḫ-ma awīlum ša ana bullîm illiku ana numāt bēl bītim īššu iššī-ma numāt bēl bītim ilteqe, awīlum šū ana išātim šuāti innaddi.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 93)

If fire broke out in a man’s house and a man who went to extinguish (it) cast his eye on the house owner’s furnishings and has taken the house owner’s furnishings, that man will be thrown on that fire.

§ 26

Bergmann (1953, p. 7, col. IX–X, lns. 66–69; 1–12)

Law § 26 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 229)

šum-ma lu AGA.ÚS ù lu ŠU.ḪA ša a-na ḫar-ra-an šar-ri-im a-la-ak-šu qá-bu-ú la il-li-ik ù lu ^lúagram(ḪUN.GÁ) i-gur-ma pu-úḫ-šu iṭ-ṭa-ra-ad lu AGA.ÚS ù lu ŠU.ḪA šu-ú id-da-ak mu-na-ag-ge-er-šu É-sú i-tab-ba-al

Huehnergard (2013, p. 50)

šumma lū rēdûm ū lū bāʾerum ša ana ḫarrān šarrim alākšu qabû lā illik ū lū agram īgur-ma pūḫšu iṭṭarad lū rēdûm ū lū bāʾerum šū iddâk munaggeršu bīssu itabbal.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 50)

If either a footsoldier or a “fisherman” whose going on a royal campaign was commanded did not go, or hired a hireling and has sent (him as) his substitute, said footsoldier or “fisherman” will be executed; his denouncer will take his estate for himself.

§ 27

Bergmann (1953, p. 7, col. X, lns. 13–29)

Law § 27 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 329)

šum-ma lu AGA.ÚS ù lu ŠU.ḪA ša i-na dan-na-at šar-ri-im tu-úr-⸢ru⸣ wa-ar-[k]i-šu A.ŠÀ-šu ù ^gišKIRI₆-šu a-na ša-ni-im id-di-nu-ma i-li-ik-šu it-ta-la-ak šum-ma i[t]-tu-ra-am-ma URU-šu ik-ta-áš-dam A.ŠÀ-šu ù ^gišKIRI₆-šu ú-ta-ar-ru-šum-ma šu-ma i-li-ik-šu i-il-la-ak

Huehnergard (2013, p. 81)

šumma lū rēdûm ū lū bāʾerum ša ina dannat šarrim turru war[k]īšu eqelšu u kirīšu ana šanîm iddinū-ma ilikšu ittalak šumma i[t]tūram-ma āl(ā)šu iktašdam eqelšu u kirīšu utarrūšum-ma šū-ma ilikšu illak.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 82)

If, after the departure of either a rēdûm or a bāʾerum who was taken captive in royal military service, his field or orchard was given to another and he has performed his ilkum-service, if he has come back and reached his town, his field or orchard will be returned to him and he himself will perform his ilkum-service.

§ 28

Bergmann (1953, p. 7, col. X, lns. 30–40)

Law § 28 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 329)

šum-ma lu AGA.ÚS ù lu-ú ŠU.ḪA ša i-na dan-na-at šar-ri-im tu-ú[r]-ru DUMU-šu il-kam a-la-kam i-le-i A.ŠÀ ù ^gišKIRI₆ in-na-ad-di-iš-šum-ma i-li-i[k a]-bi-šu i-il-[la-a]k

Huehnergard (2013, p. 81)

šumma lū rēdûm ū lū bāʾerum ša ina dannat šarrim tu[r]ru māršu ilkam alākam ileʾi eqlum u kirûm innaddiššum-ma ili[k a]bīšu il[la]k.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 82)

If the son of either a rēdûm or a bāʾerum who was taken captive in royal military service is able to perform the ilkum-service, the field or orchard will be given to him to perform his father’s ilkum-service.

§ 29

Bergmann (1953, p. 7, col. X, lns. 41–50)

Law § 29 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 329–330)

šum-ma DUMU-šu ṣe-ḫe-er-[m]a i-li-ik a-bi-šu a-la-kam la i-le-i ša-lu-uš-ti A.ŠÀ ù ^gišKIRI₆ a-na um-mi-šu in-na-a[d]-di-in-ma um-ma-šu ú-ra-ab-ba-šu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 81–82)

šumma māršu ṣeḫer-[m]a ilik abīšu alākam lā ileʾʾi šalušti eqlim u kirîm ana ummīšu inna[d]dim-ma ummašu urabbāšu.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 82)

If his son is (too) young and cannot perform his father’s ilkum-service, one-third of the field or orchard will be given to his mother and his mother will raise him.

§ 30

Bergmann (1953, p. 7, col. X–XI, lns. 51–68; 1–4)

Law § 30 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 330)

šum-ma lu AGA.ÚS ù lu ŠU.ḪA A.ŠÀ-šu ^gišKIRI₆-šu ù É-sú i-na pa-ni il-ki-im id-di-ma ud-da-ap-pí-ir ša-nu-um wa-ar-ki-šu A.ŠÀ-šu ^gišKIRI₆-šu ù É-sú iṣ-ba-at-ma MU.3.KAM i-li-ik-šu it-ta-la-ak šum-ma it-tu-ra-am-ma A.ŠÀ-šu ^gišKIRI₆-šu ù É-sú i-ir-ri-iš ú-ul in-na-ad-di-iš-šum ša iṣ-ṣa-ab-tu-ma i-li-ik-šu it-ta-al-ku šu-ma i-il-la-ak

Huehnergard (2013, p. 82)

šumma lū rēdûm ū lū bāʾerum eqelšu kirīšu u bīssu ina pānī ilkim iddī-ma uddappir šanûm warkīšu eqelšu kirīšu u bīssu iṣbat-ma šalāš šanātim ilikšu ittalak šumma ittūram-ma eqelšu kirīšu u bīssu irriš ul innaddiššum; ša iṣṣabtū-ma ilikšu ittalku šū-ma illak.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 82)

If either a rēdûm or a bāʾerum abandoned his field, orchard, or house on account of the ilkum-service and has gone away, (and) after his departure another took over his field, orchard, or house and has performed his ilkum-service for three years, if he has returned and wants his field, orchard, or house, it will not be given to him; it is the one who took over and has performed his ilkum-service who will perform (it).

§ 31

Bergmann (1953, p. 8, col. XI, lns. 5–12)

Law § 31 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 330)

šum-ma ša-at-tam iš-ti-a-at-ma ud-da-ap-pí-ir-ma it-tu-ra-am A.ŠÀ-šu ^gišKIRI₆-šu ù É-sú in-na-ad-di-iš-šum-ma šu-ma i-li-ik-šu i-il-la-ak

Huehnergard (2013, p. 82)

šumma šattam ištiat-ma uddappir-ma ittūram eqelšu kirīšu u bīssu innaddiššum-ma šū-ma ilikšu illak.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 82)

If it is only for a single year that he has gone away, and he has returned, his field, orchard, or house will be given to him and he is the one who will perform his ilkum-service.

§ 32

Bergmann (1953, p. 8, col. XI, lns. 13–38)

Law § 32 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 367)

[š]um-ma lu AGA.ÚS ù lu ŠU.ḪA ša i-na ḫar-ra-an šar-ri-im tu-úr-ru DAM.GÀR ip-ṭú-ra-aš-šu-ma URU-šu uš-ta-ak-ši-da-aš-šu šum-ma i-na bi-ti-šu ša pa-ṭa-ri-im i-ba-aš-ši šu-ma ra-ma-an-šu i-pa-aṭ-ṭa-ar šum-ma i-na bi-ti-šu ša pa-ṭa-ri-šu la i-ba-aš-ši i-na É DINGIR URU-šu ip-pa-aṭ-ṭár šum-ma i-na É DINGIR URU-šu ša pa-ṭa-ri-šu la i-ba-aš-ši É.GAL i-pa-aṭ-ṭa-ar(!RI)-šu A.ŠÀ-šu ^gišKIRI₆-šu ù É-sú a-na ip-ṭe₄-ri-šu ú-ul in-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 93–94)

[š]umma lū rēdiam ū lū bāʾeram ša ina ḫarrān šarrim turru tamkārum ipṭuraššū-ma ālšu uštakšidaššu, šumma ina bītīšu ša paṭārim ibašši, šū-ma ramāššu ipaṭṭar; šumma ina bītīšu ša paṭārīšu lā ibašši, ina bīt il(i) ālīšu ippaṭṭar; šumma ina bīt il(i) ālīšu ša paṭārīšu lā ibašši, ekallum ipaṭṭaršu. Eqelšu kirīšu u bīssu ana ipṭerīšu ul innaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 94)

If a merchant ransomed either a rēdûm or a bāʾerum who was taken captive on a royal campaign, and allowed him to reach his town, if there is enough in his estate to ransom him, he will ransom himself; if there is not enough in his estate to ransom him, he will be ransomed through the temple of his town; if there is not enough to ransom him in the temple of his town, the palace will ransom him. His field, orchard, and estate will not be sold as his ransom price.

§ 33

Bergmann (1953, p. 8, col. XI, lns. 39–50)

Law § 33 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 229)

šum-ma lu PA.PA ù lu-ú laputtûm(NU.BANDA₅) ERIN₂ ni-is-ḫa-tim ir-ta-ši ù lu a-na ḫarrān(KASKAL) šar-ri-im ^lúagram (ḪUN.GÁ) pu-ḫa-am im-ḫu-ur-ma ir-te-de lu PA.PA ù lu laputtûm(NU.BANDA₅) šu-ú id-da-ak

Huehnergard (2013, p. 50)

šumma lū ša ḫaṭṭātim ū lū laputtûm ṣāb(i) nisḫātim irtaši ū lū ana ḫarrān šarrim agram pūḫam imḫur-ma irtede lū ša ḫaṭṭātim ū lū laputtûm šū iddâk.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 50)

If either a “captain” or a “lieutenant” has had deserters/has acquired conscripts(?) or accepted and has led a hireling as substitute on a royal campaign, said “captain” or “lieutenant” will be executed.

§ 34

Bergmann (1953, p. 8, col. XI, lns. 51–64)

Law § 34 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 38)

šum-ma lu PA.PA u lu NU.TUR nu-ma-at rid ṣâbê bil-te-ḳi rid ṣâbê iḫ-ta-ba-al rid ṣâbê a-na ig-ri-im it-ta-di-in rid ṣâbê i-na di-nim a-na dan-nim iš-ta-ra-aḳ ḳi-iš-ti šar-ru-um [a]-na rid ṣâbê id-di-nu il-te-di(=ḳi) lu PA.PA u lu NU.TUR šu-u id-da-ak

Richardson (2004, p. 54)

šumma lu ša ḫaṭṭātim u lu laputtûm numāt rēdîm ilteqe, rēdiam iḫtabal rēdiam ana igrim ittadin* rēdiam ina dīnim ana dannim ištarak qīšti šarrum ana rēdîm iddinu ilteqe lu ša ḫaṭṭātim u lu laputtûm šû iddâk

Richardson (2004, p. 55)

If a captain or an inspector has taken the private property of a soldier, has treated a soldier unfairly, has allowed a soldier to be hired, has offered a soldier to a powerful man in a court, or has taken from a soldier a presentation given by the king, such a captain or inspector shall be killed.²⁴

§ 35

Bergmann (1953, p. 8, col. XI–XII, lns. 65–70; 1–4)

Law § 35 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 399)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ÁB.GUD(! BI).ḪI.A ù U₈.UDU.ḪI.A ša šar-ru-um a-na AGA.ÚS id-di-nu i-na qá-ti AGA.ÚS iš-ta-am i-na KUG.BABBAR-šu i-te-el-li

Huehnergard (2013, p. 105)

šumma awīlum liātim u ṣēnī ša šarrum ana rēdîm iddinu ina qāti rēdîm ištām, ina kaspīšu ītelli.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 105)

If a man has purchased from a rēdûm cattle or flocks that the king gave to the rēdûm, he will forfeit his silver.

§ 36

Bergmann (1953, p. 8, col. XII, lns. 5–9)

Law § 36 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 399)

A.ŠÀ-um KIRI₆ ù É ša AGA.ÚS ŠU.ḪA ù na-ši bi-il-tim a-na KUG.BABBAR ú-ul i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 105)

eqlum kirûm u bītum ša rēdîm bāʾerim ū nāši biltim ana kaspim ul innaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 105)

A field, orchard, or house of a rēdûm, bāʾerum or tenant will not be sold for silver.

§ 37

Bergmann (1953, p. 8, col. XII, lns. 10–21)

Law § 37 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 399)

šumma a-wi-lum A.ŠÀ KIRI₆ ù É ša AGA.ÚS ŠU.ḪA ù na-ši GUN iš-ta-am DUB-pa-šu iḫ-ḫe-ep-pé ù i-na KUG.BABBAR-šu i-te-el-li A.ŠÀ KIRI₆ ù É a-na be-lí-šu i-ta-ar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 105)

šumma awīlum eqlam kiriam ū bītam ša rēdîm bāʾerim ū nāši biltim ištām, ṭuppašu iḫḫeppe u ina kaspīšu ītelli; eqlum kirûm ū bītum ana bēlīšu itâr.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 105)

If a man has purchased a field, orchard, or house of a rēdûm, bāʾerum or tenant, his tablet will be broken and he will also forfeit his silver; the field, orchard, or house will return to its owner.

§ 38

Bergmann (1953, p. 8, col. XII, lns. 22–30)

Law § 38 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 39)

rid ṣâbê bâ’irum u na-ši biltim i-na eḳlim kirêm u bîtim ša il-ki-šu a-na aš-ša-ti-šu u mârti-šu u-ul i-ša-bad-da-ar u a-na i-il-ti-šu u-ul i-na-ad-di-in

Richardson (2004, p. 54)

rēdûm bāʾirum u nāši biltim ina eqlim kirîm u bītim ša ilkišu ana aššatišu u mārtišu ul išaṭṭar u ana eʾiltišu ul inaddin

Richardson (2004, p. 55)

A soldier, trapper or official tenant shall not donate to his wife or to his daughter a field, orchard or house which is his official property, nor shall he exchange it for any debt.

§ 39

Bergmann (1953, p. 8–9, col. XII, lns. 31–38)

Law § 39 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 39)

i-na eḳlim kirêm bu bîtim ša i-ša-am-mu-ma i-ra-aš-šu-u a-na aš-ša-ti-šu u mârti-šu i-ša-ad-dar u a-na e-ḫi-bil-ti-šu i-na-ad-di-in

Richardson (2004, p. 54)

ina eqlim, kirîm u bītim ša išammuma iraššû ana aššatišu u mārtišu išaṭṭar u ana eʾiltišu inaddin

Richardson (2004, p. 55)

Any field, orchard or house which he may purchase and possess he may donate to his wife or daughter or give it in exchange for debt.

§ 40

Bergmann (1953, p. 9, col. XII, lns. 39–48)

Law § 40 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 39)

aššatum tamkarum u il-kum a-ḫu-u-um eḳil-šu kirâ-šu u bî-zu ana kaspim i-na-ad-di-in ša-a-a-ma-nu-um i-li-ik eḳlim kirêm u bîtim ša i-ša-am-mu i-il-la-ak

Richardson (2004, p. 54)

nadītum tamkārum u ilkum aḫûm eqelšu kirāšu u bīssu ana kaspim inaddin. šāyyimānum ilik eqlim kirîm u bītim ša išammu illak

Richardson (2004, p. 55)

A temple-woman, a merchant and a tenant with special duties may exchange their field, their orchard or their house for silver. The purchaser shall perform the duties for the field, orchard or house which he buys.

§ 41

Bergmann (1953, p. 9, col. XII, lns. 49–62)

Law § 41 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 39)

šum-ma a-wi-lum eḳlam kirâm u bîtam ša rid ṣâbê bâ’irim u na-ši bi-il-tim u-bi-iḫ u ni-ip-la-tim id-di-in rid ṣâbê bâ’irum u na-ši bi-il-tim a-na eḳli-šu kirê-šu u bîti-šu i-ta-ar u ni-ip-la-tim ša in-na-ad-nu-šum i-tab-ba-al

Richardson (2004, p. 56)

šumma awīlum eqlam kirâm u bītam ša rēdîm bāʾirim u nāši biltim upīḫ u niplātim iddin, rēdûm bāʾirum u nāši biltim ana eqlišu kirîšu u bītišu itâr u niplātim ša innadnušum itabbal.

Richardson (2004, p. 57)

If a man has taken in exchange a field, orchard or house of a soldier, a trapper or an official tenant and has paid compensation, the soldier, trapper or official tenant shall go back to his field, orchard or house and shall keep the compensation that was paid to him.

§ 42

Bergmann (1953, p. 9, col. XII–XIII, lns. 63–67; 1-5)

Law § 42 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 89)

šum-ma a-wi-lum A.ŠÀ a-na er-re-šu-tim ú-še-ṣi-ma i-na A.ŠÀ ŠE la uš-tab-ši i-na A.ŠÀ ši-ip-ri-im la e-pé-ši-im ú-ka-an-nu-šu-ma ŠE ki-ma i-te-šu a-na be-el A.ŠÀ i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 89)

šumma awīlum eqlam ana errēšūtim ušēṣī-ma ina eqlim âm lā uštabši, ina eqlim šiprim lā epēšim ukannūšū-ma âm kīma itêšu ana bēl eqlim inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 89)

If a man rented a field for cultivation but has not produced any grain in the field, he will be convicted of not working the field and will give the owner of the field grain corresponding to his neighbors.

§ 43

Bergmann (1953, p. 9, col. XIII, lns. 6-16)

Law § 43 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 40)

šum-ma eḳla-am la i-ri-iš-ma it-ta-di šeʾam ki-ma i-te-šu a-na be-el eḳlim i-na-ad-di-in u eḳlam ša id-du-u ma-a-a-ri i-ma-aḫ-ḫa-aṣ i-ša-ak-ka-ak-ma a-na be-el eḳlim u-ta-ar

Richardson (2004, p. 56)

šumma eqlam la īrišma ittadi, šeʾam kīma itēšu ana bēl eqlim inaddin[;] u eqlam ša iddû mayyārī imaḫḫaṣ išakkakma ana bēl eqlim utâr.

Richardson (2004, p. 57)

If he has abandoned the field without having cultivated it at all, he shall pay the same amount of grain to the owner of the field as his neighbour; moreover he shall break up the field that he has abandoned with mattocks and harrow it and return it to the owner of the field.

§ 44

Bergmann (1953, p. 9, col. XIII, lns. 17-34)

Law § 44 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 330)

šum-ma a-wi-lum A.ŠÀ kankallim(KI.KAL) a-na MU.3.KAM a-na te-ep-ti-tim ú-še-ṣi-ma a-aḫ-šu id-di-ma A.ŠÀ la ip-te-te i-na re-bu-tim ša-at-tim A.ŠÀ ma-a-a-ri i-ma-aḫ-ḫa-aṣ i-mar-ra-ar ù i-ša-ak-ka-ak-ma a-na be-el A.ŠÀ ú-ta-ar ù ana būrim(BÙR^iku.E) 10 ŠE.GUR i-ma-a[d-d]a-ad

Huehnergard (2013, p. 82)

šumma awīlum eqel kankallim ana šalāš šanātim ana teptītim ušēṣī-ma aḫšu iddī-ma eqlam lā iptete, ina rebūtim šattim eqlam mayyarī imaḫḫaṣ imarrar u išakkak-ma ana bēl eqlim utār; u ana būrim eš(e)ret kur âm ima[dd]ad.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 82)

If a man rented an unworked field for three years for cultivation, but was negligent and has not opened the field, in the fourth year he will plow, hoe, and harrow the field and return (it) to the owner of the field; he will also measure out ten kor of grain per būrum.

§ 45

Bergmann (1953, p. 9, col. XIII, lns. 35-46)

Law § 45 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 330)

šum-ma a-wi-lum A.ŠÀ-šu a-na GUN a-na er-re-ši-im id-di-in-ma ù GUN A.ŠÀ-šu im-ta-ḫa-ar wa-ar-ka A.ŠÀ ^dIŠKUR ir-ta-ḫi-iṣ ù lu bi-ib-bu-lum it-ba-al bi-ti-iq-tum ša er-re-ši-im-ma

Huehnergard (2013, p. 82)

šumma awīlum eqelšu ana biltim ana errēšim iddim-ma u bilat eqlīšu imtaḫar, warka eqlam Adad irtaḫiṣ ū lū bibbulum itbal, bitiqtum ša errēšim-ma.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 82)

If a man gave his field to a tenant farmer for rent and has also received the rent for his field, (and) afterwards Adad has inundated the field or else a flood has carried (it) off, the loss is the tenant farmer’s only.

§ 46

Bergmann (1953, p. 9, col. XIII, lns. 47–57)

Law § 46 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 41)

šum-ma bilat eḳli-šu la im-ta-ḫar u lu a-na mi-iš-la-ni u lu a-na ša-lu-uš eḳlam id-di-in šeʾam ša i-na eḳlim ib-ba-aš-šu-u ir-ri-šum u be-el eḳlim a-na ap-ši-te-im i-zu-uz-zu

Richardson (2004, p. 58)

šumma bilat eqlišu la imtaḫar, u lu ana mišlāni u lu ana šaluš eqlam iddin šeʾam ša ina eqlim ibbaššû errēšum u bēl eqlim ana apšītêm izuzzū.

Richardson (2004, p. 59)

If he has not received any rent for his field, or has rented only a half or a third of the field, the cultivator and the owner of the field shall share by agreement whatever grain is produced from the field.

§ 47

Bergmann (1953, p. 9–10, col. XIII, lns. 58–70)

Law § 47 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 278)

šum-ma er-re-šum aš-šum i-na ša-at-tim maḫ-ri-tim ma-na-ḫa-ti-šu la il-qú-ú A.ŠÀ e-RI-ša-am iq-ta-bi be-el A.ŠÀ ú-ul ú-up-pa-as er-re-su-ma A.ŠÀ-šu i-ir-ri-iš-ma i-na ebūrim(BURU₁₄) ki-ma ri-ik-sa-ti-šu ŠE i-le-qé

Huehnergard (2013, p. 64)

šumma errēšum aššum ina šattim maḫrītim mānaḫātīšu lā ilqû eqlam erēšam iqtabi (or, "eqlam errišam" iqtabi), bēl eqlim ul uppas; errēssū-ma eqelšu irriš-ma ina ebūrim kīma riksātīšu âm ileqqe.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 64)

If a tenant farmer, because he did not recover (lit., receive) his expenses in the previous year, has said he would plow the field (again) (or, has said, “I will plow the field (again)”), the owner of the field will not object; that very tenant farmer of his may plow his field, and he will receive grain at the harvest according to his contract(s).

§ 48

Bergmann (1953, p. 10, col. XIII–XIV, lns. 71–73; 1–17)

Law § 48 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 42)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ḫu-bu-ul-lum e-li-šu i-ba-aš-ši-ma eḳil-šu ^iluAdad ir-ta-ḫi-iṣ u lu-u bi-ib-bu-lum it-ba-al u lu-u i-na la me-e šeʾum i-na eḳlim la it-tab-ši i-na ša-at-tim šu-a-ti šeʾam a-na be-el ḫu-bu-ul-[li] u-ul u-ta-ar dup-pa-šu u-ra-ad-da-ab u ṣi-ib-tam ša ša-at-tim šu-a-ti u-ul i-na-ad-di-in

Richardson (2004, p. 58)

šumma awīlum ḫubullum¹⁸⁷ elišu ibaššīma eqelšu Adad irtaḫiṣ u lu bibbulum itbal u lu ina la mê šeʾum ina eqlim la ittabši ina šattim šuāti šeʾam ana bēl ḫubullišu ul utâr. ṭuppašu uraṭṭab u ṣibtam ša šattim šuāti ul inaddin.

Richardson (2004, p. 59)

If a man has incurred a debt and The Storm has eroded away his field, or a flood has overwhelmed it, or if grain has not been produced from the field because of a lack of water, he need not repay grain to his creditor for that year. He shall moisten³² the tablet and pay no installment for that year.

§ 49

Bergmann (1953, p. 10, col. XIV, lns. 18–44)

Law § 49 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 368)

šum-ma a-wi-lum KUG.BABBAR it-ti DAM.GÀR il-qé-ma A.ŠÀ ep-še-tim ša ŠE ù lu ŠE.GIŠ.Ì a-na DAM.GÀR id-di-in A.ŠÀ e-ri-iš-ma ŠE ù lu-ú ŠE.GIŠ.Ì ša ib-ba-aš-šu-ú e-si-ip ta-ba-al iq-bi-šum šum-ma er-re-šum i-na A.ŠÀ ŠE ù lu ŠE.GIŠ.Ì uš-tab-ši i-na ebūrim (BURU₁₄) ŠE ù ŠE.GIŠ.Ì ša i-na A.ŠÀ ib-ba-aš-šu-ú be-el A.ŠÀ-ma i-le-qé-ma ŠE ša KUG.BABBAR-šu ù ṣi-ba-sú ša it-ti DAM.GÀR il-qú-ú ù ma-na-ḫa-at e-re-ši-im a-na DAM.GÀR i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 94)

šumma awīlum kaspam itti tamkārim ilqē-ma eqel epšētim ša êm ū lū ša šamaššammī ana tamkārim iddin, “eqlam eriš-ma âm ū lū šamaššammī ša ibbaššû esip, tabal,” iqbīšum, šumma errēšum ina eqlim âm ū lū šamaššammī uštabši, ina ebūrim âm ū šamaššammī ša ina eqlim ibbaššû bēl eqlim-ma ileqqē-ma âm ša kaspīšu u ṣibassu ša itti tamkārim ilqû u mānaḫāt erēšim ana tamkārim inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 94)

If a man received silver from a merchant and gave the merchant a field prepared for barley or for sesame, (and) said “cultivate the field and collect and take for yourself the barley or sesame that grows,” if a cultivator produced barley or sesame in the field, at harvest time it is the owner of the field who will receive the barley or sesame that grow in the field, and then he will give the merchant the barley (worth the amount) of his silver and its interest that he received from the merchant, as well as the maintenance amounts of the cultivating.

§ 50

Bergmann (1953, p. 10, col. XIV, lns. 45–55)

Law § 50 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 43)

šum-ma eḳlam ir-ša-am u lu-u eḳil šamaššammim ir-ša-am id-di-in šeʾam u šamaššammam ša i-na eḳlim ib-ba-aš-šu-u be-el eḳli-ma i-li-ḳi-ma kaspam u ṣi-ba-zu a-na tamkarim u-ta-ar

Richardson (2004, p. 60)

šumma eqel [šeꜥim]¹⁹⁰ eršam u lu eqel šamaššammī eršam iddin, šeʾam u lu šamaššammī ša ina eqlim ibbaššû bēl eqlimma ileqqēma kaspam u ṣibassu ana tamkārim utâr.

Richardson (2004, p. 61)

If he has given him a field already set (with grain)³⁴ or a field already set with sesame, it is the owner of the field who should collect whatever grain may be produced from the field and repay the merchant the silver and the interest.

§ 51

Bergmann (1953, p. 10, col. XIV, lns. 56–66)

Law § 51 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 43)

šum-ma kaspam a-na tu-ur-ri-im la i-šu šamaššammam a-na ma-ḫi-ra-ti-šu-nu ša kaspi-šu u ṣi-ib-ti-šu ša it-ti tamkarim il-ku-u a-na pî ṣi-im-da-at šar-ri-im a-na tamkarim i-na-ad-di-in

Richardson (2004, p. 60)

šumma kaspam ana turrim la išu [šeꜥam u lu]¹⁹¹ šamaššammī ana maḫīrātišunu ša kaspišu u ṣibtišu ša itti tamkārim ilqû ana pī ṣimdat šarrim ana tamkārim inaddin.

Richardson (2004, p. 61)

If he does not have the silver for the repayment he shall give the merchant (grain or)³⁵ sesame at their current prices for the silver which he received from the merchant and the interest on it, in accordance with the decision of the king.

§ 52

Bergmann (1953, p. 10, col. XV, lns. 1–6)

Law § 52 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 304)

šum-ma er-re-šum i-na A.ŠÀ ŠE-am ù lu ŠE.GIŠ.Ì la uš-tab-ši ri-ik-sa-ti-šu ú-ul [i]-in-ni

Huehnergard (2013, p. 73)

šumma errēšum ina eqlim âm ū lū šamaššammī lā uštabši, riksātīšu ul inni

Huehnergard (2013, p. 73)

If a tenant farmer has not produced barley or sesame in a field, he will not alter his contracts.

§ 53

Bergmann (1953, p. 10–11, col. XV, lns. 7–20)

Law § 53 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 368)

šum-m[a a-w]i-lum a-n[a KAR A.ŠÀ]-šu du-u[n-nu-n]im a-aḫ-šu i[d-di-m]a KAR [A.ŠÀ-šu] la ú-da[n-ni-in-ma] i-na KA[R-šu] pí-tum it-t[e-ep-te] ⸢ù⸣ A.GÀR me-e uš-ta-bíl a-wi-lum ša i-na KAR-šu pí-tum ip-pé-tu-ú ŠE ša ú-ḫal-li-qú i-ri-a-ab

Huehnergard (2013, p. 94)

šumm[a aw]īlum an[a kār eqlī]šu du[nnun]im aḫšu i[ddī-m]a kār [eqlīšu] lā ud[annim-ma] ina kā[rīšu] pītum itt[epte] u ugāram mê uštābil, awīlum ša ina kārīšu pītum ippetû âm ša uḫalliqu irīab.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 94)

If a man neglected to fortify the embankment of his field and did not fortify his embankment, so that an opening has been made in his embankment and has brought water onto the land, the man in whose embankment the opening was made will replace the grain he destroyed.

§ 54

Bergmann (1953, p. 11, col. XV, lns. 21–30)

Law § 54 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 368)

šum-ma ŠE ri-a-ba-am la i-le-i šu-a-ti ù bi-ša-šu a-na KUG.BABBAR i-na-ad-di-nu-ma DUMU.A.GÀR.MEŠ ša ŠE-šu-nu mu-ú ub-lu i-zu-uz-zu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 94)

šumma âm riābam lā ileʾʾi šuāti u bišâšu ana kaspim inaddinū-ma mārū ugārim ša êšunu mû ublū izuzzū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 94)

If he is not able to replace the grain, he and his property will be sold and the “sons of the land” whose grain the water carried away will divide (the amount).

§ 55

Bergmann (1953, p. 11, col. XV, lns. 31–38)

Law § 55 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 317)

šum-ma a-wi-lum a-tap-pa-šu a-na ši-qí-tim ip-te a-aḫ-šu id-di-ma A.ŠÀ i-te-šu me-e uš-ta-bíl ŠE ki-ma i-te-šu i-ma-ad-da-ad

Huehnergard (2013, p. 77)

šumma awīlum atappašu ana šiqītim ipte aḫšu iddī-ma eqel itêšu mê uštābil, âm kīma itêšu imaddad.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 77)

If a man opened his off-take for irrigation, (but) was negligent and flooded his neighbor’s field with water (lit., caused his neighbor’s field to carry water, or, sent water onto ...), he will measure out grain in accord with his neighbor(s).

§ 56

Bergmann (1953, p. 11, col. XV, lns. 39–45)

Law § 56 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 317)

šum-ma a-wi-lum me-e ip-te-ma ep-še-tim ša A.ŠÀ i-te-šu me-e uš-ta-bíl ana būrim (BÙR^iku.E) 10 ŠE.GUR i-ma-ad-da-ad

Huehnergard (2013, p. 77)

šumma awīlum mê iptē-ma epšētim ša eqel itêšu mê uštābil, ana būrim eš(e)ret kur âm imaddad.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 77)

If a man released (opened) water and flooded the work of his neighbor’s field with water, he will measure out ten kor of grain per būrum.

§ 57

Bergmann (1953, p. 11, col. XV, lns. 46–64)

Law § 57 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 399)

šum-ma SIPAD a-na ša-am-mi U₈.UDU.ḪI.A šu-ku-lim it-ti be-el A.ŠÀ la im-ta-gàr-ma ba-lum be-el A.ŠÀ A.ŠÀ U₈.UDU.ḪI.A uš-ta-ki-il be-el A.ŠÀ A.ŠÀ-šu i-iṣ-ṣi-id SIPA ša i-na ba-lum be-el A.ŠÀ U₈.UDU.ḪI.A ú-ša-ki-lu e-le-nu-um-ma ana būrim (BÙR^iku.E) 20 ŠE.GUR a-na be-el A.ŠÀ i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 105)

šumma rēʾûm ana šammī ṣēnī šūkulim itti bēl eqlim lā imtagar-ma balum bēl eqlim eqlam ṣēnī uštākil, bēl eqlim eqelšu iṣṣid, rēʾûm ša ina balum bēl eqlim ṣēnī ušākilu elēnum-ma ana būrim ešrā kur âm ana bēl eqlim inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 105)

If a shepherd did not come to an agreement with the owner of a field to feed a flock herbage, but has fed the flock on the field without the field owner’s consent, the field owner will harvest his field (and) the shepherd who fed the flock without the field owner’s consent will give the field owner twenty kor of grain per būr in addition.

§ 58

Bergmann (1953, p. 11, col. XV–XVI, lns. 65–78; 1–3)

Law § 58 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 383)

šum-ma iš-tu U₈.UDU.ḪI.A i-na A.GÀR i-te-li-a-nim ka-an-nu ga-ma-ar-tim i-na ABUL it-ta-aʾ-la-lu SIPA U₈.UDU.ḪI.A a-na A.ŠÀ id-di-ma A.ŠÀ U₈.UDU.ḪI.A uš-ta-ki-il SIPA A.ŠÀ ú-ša-ki-lu i-na- ṣa-ar-ma i-na ebūrim(BURU₁₄) ana būrim (BÙR^iku.E) 60 ŠE.GUR a-na be-el A.ŠÀ i-ma-ad-da-ad

Huehnergard (2013, p. 100)

šumma ištu šēnū ina ugārim īteliānim kannū gamartim ina abullim ittaḫlalū rēʾûm ṣēnī ana eqlim iddī-ma eqlam ṣēnī uštākil, rēʾûm eqel ušākilu inaṣṣar-ma ina ebūrim ana būrim šūši kur âm ana bēl eqlim imaddad.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 100–101)

If, after a flock has come up from a meadow, the “termination pennants”? have been hung from the city gate, (yet) the shepherd let the flock go to a field (i.e., put the flock out to pasture), and allowed the flock to use the field, the shepherd will look after the field he allowed to be used and will measure out sixty kor of grain per būrum to the owner of the field at harvest time.

§ 59

Bergmann (1953, p. 11, col. XVI, lns. 4–9)

Law § 59 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ba-lum be-el ^gišKIRI₆ i-na ^gišKIRI₆ a-wi-lim i-ṣa-am ik-ki-is MAŠ MA.NA KUG.BABBAR i-ša-qal

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

šumma awīlum balum bēl kirîm ina kiri awīlim iṣam ikkis mišil manā kaspam išaqqal.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

If a man cut down a tree in a man’s orchard without the permission of the owner of the orchard, he will pay out one-half mina of silver.

§ 60

Bergmann (1953, p. 11, col. XVI, lns. 10–26)

Law § 60 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 178)

šum-ma a-wi-lum A.ŠÀ a-na kirîm (^gišKIRI₆) za-qá-pí-im a-na nukaribbim(NU.^gišKIRI₆) id-di-in nukaribbum(NU.^gišKIRI₆) kiriam (^gišKIRI₆) iz-qú-up 4 šanātim(MU.4.KAM) kiriam(KIRI₆) ú-ra-ab-ba i-na ḫa-mu-uš-tim ša-at-tim be-el kirîm(^gišKIRI₆) ù nukaribbum(NU.^gišKIRI₆) mi-it-ḫa-ri-iš i-zu-zu be-el kirîm(^gišKIRI₆) ḪA.LA-šu i-na-sà-aq-ma i-le-qé

Huehnergard (2013, p. 37)

šumma awīlum eqlam ana kirîm zaqāpim ana nukaribbim iddin, nukaribbum kiriam izqup 4 šanātim kiriam urabba, ina ḫamuštim šattim bēl kirîm u nukaribbum mitḫāriš izuzzū bēl kirîm zīttašu inassaq-ma ileqqe.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 37)

If a man gave a field to a gardener to plant an orchard, (and) the gardener planted the orchard, he will tend the orchard for four years; in the fifth year the owner of the orchard and the gardener will share equally; the owner of the field will have first choice of his share (lit., will choose and take his share).

§ 61

Bergmann (1953, p. 11, col. XVI, lns. 27–33)

Law § 61 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 383)

šum-ma nukaribbum(NU.^gišKIRI₆) A.ŠÀ i-na za-qá-pí-im la ig-mur-ma ni-di-tam i-zi-ib ni-di-tam a-na li-ib-bi ḪA.LA-šu i-ša-ka-nu-šum

Huehnergard (2013, p. 101)

šumma nukaribbum eqlam ina zaqāpim lā igmur-ma nidītam īzib nidītam ana libbi zīttīšu išakkanūšum.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 101)

If a gardener did not finish planting a field and left an uncultivated plot, the uncultivated plot will be placed toward his share.

§ 62

Bergmann (1953, p. 11–12, col. XVI, lns. 34–47)

Law § 62 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 383)

šum-ma A.ŠÀ ša in-na-ad-nu-šum a-na KIRI₆ la iz-qú-up šum-ma abšinnum(AB.SÍN) GUN A.ŠÀ ša ša-na-tim ša in-na-du-ú nukaribbum(NU.^gišKIRI₆) a-na be-el A.ŠÀ ki-ma i-te-šu i-ma-ad-da-ad ù A.ŠÀ ši-ip-ra-am i-ip-pé-eš-ma a-na be-el A.ŠÀ ú-ta-a-ar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 101)

šumma eqlam ša innadnūšum ana kirîm lā izqup, šumma abšinnum, bilat eqlim ša šanātim ša innadû nukaribbum ana bēl eqlim kīma itêšu imaddad; u eqlam šipram ippeš-ma ana bēl eqlim utār.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 101)

If he did not plant a field that was given to him as an orchard, if (it was) a cultivated field, the gardener will measure out to the owner of the field produce of the field for the years that it was left fallow according to his neighbors; further, he will work and return the field to the field’s owner.

§ 63

Bergmann (1953, p. 12, col. XVI, lns. 48–57)

Law § 63 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 47)

šum-ma eḳlam KI.KAL eḳlam ši-ip-ra-am i-ib-bi-eš-ma eḳlu(=a-na) be-el eḳlim u-ta-a-ar u X GAN.E X ŠE.GUR ša ša-at-tim iš-ti-a-at i-ma-ad-da-ad

Richardson (2004, p. 64)

šumma kankallum eqlam šipram ippešma, ana bēl eqlim utâr. u ana 1 burum 10 kur šeʾam ša šattim ištiat imaddad.

Richardson (2004, p. 65)

If it had been an abandoned field he shall still do the work on the field before returning it to the owner of the field, but calculate 70 bushels for 16 acres⁴⁰for each year.

§ 64

Bergmann (1953, p. 12, col. XVI, lns. 58–70)

Law § 64 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 399)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ^gišKIRI₆-šu a-na nukaribbim(NU.^gišKIRI₆) a-na ru-ku-bi-im id-di-in nukaribbum(NU.^gišKIRI₆) a-di ^gišKIRI₆ ṣa-ab-tu i-na bi-la-at KIRI₆ ši-it-ti-in a-na be-el KIRI₆ i-na-ad-di-in ša-lu-uš-tam šu-ú i-le-qé

Huehnergard (2013, p. 105)

šumma awīlum kirīšu ana nukaribbim ana rukkubim iddin nukaribbum adi kiriam ṣabtu ina bilat kirîm šittīn ana bēl kirîm inaddin; šaluštam šū ileqqe.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 105)

If a man gave his orchard to a gardener for pollination, the gardener, as long as he holds the orchard, will give two thirds of the yield of the orchard to the owner of the orchard, (while) he himself will receive one third.

§ 65

Bergmann (1953, p. 12, col. XVI–RI, lns. 71–76; 1–7)

Law § 65 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 47)

šum-ma NU.kirûm kirâm la u-ra-ak-ki-ib-ma bi-il-tam um-ta-di NU.kirûm bi-la-at kirêm a-na i-te-šu [i-ma-ad-da-ad]

Richardson (2004, p. 64)

šumma nukaribbum kirâm la urakkibma biltam umtaṭṭi, nukaribbum bilat kirîm ana itēšu [imaddad...].

Richardson (2004, p. 65)

If the gardener did not pollinate the orchard and produced a lower yield, the gardener shall calculate the same rent as his neighbours for the orchard.

§ 66

Cuneiform unavailable

Huehnergard (2011, p. 368)

šum-ma a-wi-lum KUG.BABBAR it-ti DAM.GÀR il-qé-ma DAM.GÀR-šu i-si-ir-šu-ma mi-im-ma ša na-da-nim la i-ba-aš-ši-šum KIRI₆-šu iš-tu tar-ki-ib-tim a-na DAM.GÀR id-di-in-ma suluppī(ZÚ.LUM) ma-la i-na KIRI₆ ib-ba-aš-šu-ú a-na KUG.BABBAR-ka ta-ba-al iq-bi-šum DAM.GÀR šu-ú ú-ul im-ma-gàr suluppī(ZÚ.LUM) ša i-na KIRI₆ ib-ba-aš-šu-ú be-el KIRI₆-ma i-le-qé-ma KUG.BABBAR ù MÁŠ-sú ša pī(KA) DUB-pí-šu DAM.GÀR i-ip-pa-al-ma suluppī(ZÚ.LUM) wa-at-ru-tim ša i-na KIRI₆ ib-ba-aš-šu-ú be-el KIRI₆-ma i-l[e-eq-qé]

Huehnergard (2013, p. 94)

šumma awīlum kaspam itti tamkārim ilqē-ma tamkāršu īsiršū-ma mimma ša nadānim lā ibaššīšum, kirīšu ištu tarkibtim ana tamkārim iddim-ma “suluppī mala ina kirîm ibbaššû ana kaspīka tabal,” iqbīšum, tamkārum šū ul immaggar; suluppī ša ina kirîm ibbaššû bēl kirîm-ma ileqqē-ma kaspam u ṣibassu ša pī ṭuppīšu tamkāram ippal-ma suluppī watrūtim ša ina kirîm ibbaššû bēl kirîm-ma il[eqqe].

Huehnergard (2013, p. 94)

If a man received silver from a merchant and his merchant preṣsed him but there was nothing for him to give (so that) he gave the merchant his orchard after pollination and said to him, “take however many dates grow in the orchard as your silver,” that merchant will not agree; it is the orchard owner who will get the dates that grow in the orchard, and then he will pay the merchant the silver and its interest according to his document, and the orchard owner himself will receive the excess dates that grow in the orchard.

§§ 67–99

Artifact destroyed

§ 100

Cuneiform unavailable

Abulhab (2017, p. 52)

|………………………| ṣi-ba-a-at kaspim ma-la il-ḳu-u i-sa-ad-dar-ma ûmi-šu i-ma-an-nu-u-ma tamkari-šu i-ip-pa-al {šumma tamkārum ana šamallém kaspam ana |nadānim u maḫārim| iddinma ana ḫarrānim iṭrussu šamallûm ina ḫarrānim |…| šumma ašar illiku |nēmelam| itamar, ṣibāt kaspim mala ilqû isaddarma ūmīšu imannūma tamkāršu ippal}

Richardson (2004, p. 72)

šumma tamkārum ana šamallêm kaspam ana [nadānim u maḫārim] iddinma ana ḫarrānim iṭrussu, šamallûm ina ḫarrānim [...] šumma ašar illiku [nēmelam] ītamar²¹⁰ ṣibāt kaspim mala ilqû isaddarma ūmīšu imannūma tamkāršu ippal.

Richardson (2004, p. 73)

If a merchant has sent an agent on a journey to give or to receive silver, but on the journey the agent... if where he went he should have made a profit, he shall work out the interest for the amount of silver he took and count the number of days, and shall recompense the merchant.

§ 101

Bergmann (1953, p. 12, col. R I, lns. 8–14)

Law § 101 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 441)

šum-ma a-šar (šamallûm, from §100) il-li-ku ne-me-lam la i-ta-mar KUG.BABBAR il-qú-ú uš-ta-ša-na-ma šamallûm(ŠAMAN₂.LÁ) a-na DAM.GÀR i-na-ad-di-in.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 123)

šumma ašar illiku nēmelam lā ītamar, kasap ilqû uštašannā-ma šamallûm ana tamkārim inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 123)

If he did not make a profit wherever he went, the agent will give twice the silver he received to the merchant.

§ 102

Bergmann (1953, p. 12, col. R I, lns. 15–23)

Law § 102 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 291)

šum-ma DAM.GÀR a-na šamallêm(ŠAMAN₂.LÁ) KUG.BABBAR a-na ta-ad-mi-iq-tim it-ta-di-in-ma a-šar il-li-ku bi-ti-iq-tam i-ta-mar qá-qá-ad KUG.BABBAR a-na DAM.GÀR ú-ta-ar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 68)

šumma tamkārum ana šamallêm kaspam ana tadmiqtim ittadim-ma ašar illiku bitiqtam ītamar, qaqqad kaspim ana tamkārim utār.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 68)

If a merchant gave silver to an agent as an advance, but he has suffered (seen) a loss wherever he went, he will return the principal of the silver to the merchant.

§ 103

Bergmann (1953, p. 12, col. R I, lns. 24–31)

Law § 103 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 427)

šum-ma ḫar-ra-nam i-na a-la-ki-šu na-ak-ru-um mi-im-ma ša na-šu-ú uš-ta-ad-di-šu šamallûm (ŠAMAN2.LÁ) ni-iš i-lim i-za-kar-ma ú-ta-aš-šar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 118)

šumma ḫarrānam ina alākīšu nakrum mimma ša našû uštaddīšu, šamallûm nīš ilim izakkar-ma ūtaššar.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 118)

If while traveling his route an enemy made him give up what he had, the agent will swear by the life of the god and be released.

§ 104

Bergmann (1953, p. 12, col. R I, lns. 32–45)

Law § 104 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 192)

šum-ma DAM.GÀR a-na šamallêm (ŠAMAN₂.LÁ) ŠE ŠÍG Ì.GIŠ ù mi-im-ma bi-ša-am a-na pa-ša-ri-im id-di-in šamallûm (ŠAMAN₂.LÁ) KUG.BABBAR i-sa-ad-dar-ma a-na DAM.GÀR ú-ta-ar šamallûm (ŠAMAN₂.LÁ) ka-ni-ik KUG.BABBAR ša a-na DAM.GÀR i-na-ad-di-nu i-le-qé

Huehnergard (2013, p. 41)

šumma tamkārum ana šamallêm âm šīpātim šamnam ū mimma bīšam ana pašārim iddin, šamallûm kaspam isaddar-ma ana tamkārim utār; šamallûm kanīk kaspim ša ana tamkārim inaddinu ileqqe.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 41)

If a merchant gave a trading agent barley, wool, oil, or any property to sell, the trading agent will regularly return silver (or: will record and return silver) to the merchant; the trading agent will receive a sealed document of the silver that he gives the merchant.

§ 105

Bergmann (1953, p. 12, col. R I, lns. 46–54)

Law § 105 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 368)

šum-ma šamallûm(ŠAMAN₂.LÁ) i-te-gi-ma ka-ni-ik KUG.BABBAR ša a-na DAM.GÀR id-di-nu la il-te-qé KUG.BABBAR la ka-ni-ki-im a-na ni-ik-ka-as-sí-im ú-ul iš-ša-ak-ka-an

Huehnergard (2013, p. 94)

šumma šamallûm ītegī-ma kanīk kaspim ša ana tamkārim iddinu lā ilteqe, kasap lā kanīkim ana nikkassim ul iššakkan.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 94)

If an agent has been careless and has not received a receipt for silver he gave to a merchant, the silver without a receipt will not be put on an account.

§ 106

Bergmann (1953, p. 12–13, col. R I, lns. 55–67)

Law § 106 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 216)

šum-ma šamallûm (ŠAMAN₂.LÁ) KUG.BABBAR it-ti DAM.GÀR il-qé-ma DAM.GÀR-šu it-ta-ki-ir DAM.GÀR šu-ú i-na ma-ḫar i-lim ù ši-bi i-na KUG.BABBAR le-qé-em šamallâm (ŠAMAN₂.LÁ) ú-ka-an-ma šamallûm (ŠAMAN₂.LÁ) KUG.BABBAR ma-la il-qú-ú adi(A.RÁ) 3-šu a-na DAM.GÀR i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 47)

šumma šamallûm kaspam itti tamkārim ilqē-ma tamkāršu ittakir, tamkārum šū ina maḫar ilim u šībī ina kaspim leqêm šamallâm ukām-ma šamallûm kaspam mala ilqû adi 3-šu ana tamkārim inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 47)

If a trading agent took silver from a merchant, but has disputed (it) with his merchant, said merchant will, before god and witnesses, convict the trading agent of taking the silver, and then the trading agent will give the merchant up to three times however much silver he took.

§ 107

Bergmann (1953, p. 13, col. R I–R II, lns. 68–72; 1–14)

Law § 107 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 54)

šum-ma tamkarum šamallâm i-ḳi-ip-ma šamallûm mi-im-ma ša tamkarum id-di-nu-šum a-na tamkari-šu ut-te-ir tamkarum mi-im-ma ša šamallûm id-di-nu-šum it-ta-ki-ir-šu šamallûm šu-u i-na ma-ḫar i-lim u ši-bi tamkaram u-ka-an-ma tamkarum aš-šum šamallî-šu ik-ki-ru mi-im-ma ša il-ḳu-u a-du VI-šu a-na šamallîm i-na-ad-di-in

Richardson (2004, p. 74)

šumma tamkārum kaspam šamallâm iqīpma* šamallûm mimma ša tamkārum iddinušum ana tamkārišu uttēr, tamkārum mimmā ša šamallûm iddinušum ittakiršu šamallûm šû ina maḫar ilim u šībī tamkāram ukânma, tamkārum, aššum šamallâšu ikkiru, mimma ša ilqû adi 6-šu ana šamallîm inaddin.

Richardson (2004, p. 75)

If a merchant has entrusted silver to an agent and the agent has repaid him all that he gave him, but the merchant disagrees with him about what the agent had given him, yet that salesman can prove in the presence of god with witnesses that the merchant is wrong⁵², the merchant shall give the agent six times the value of whatever he had taken because he has disagreed with the agent.

§ 108

Bergmann (1953, p. 13, col. R II, lns. 15–25)

Law § 108 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 54)

šum-ma ŠAL.GEŠ.TIN.NA a-na šîm šikarim šeʾam la im-ta-ḫar i-na abnim ra-bi-tim kaspam im-ta-ḫar u KI.LAM šikarim a-na KI.LAM šeʾim um-ta-di ŠAL.GEŠ.TIN.NA šu-a-ti u-ka-an-nu-ši-ma a-na me-e i-na-[ad]-du-u-ši

Richardson (2004, p. 74)

šumma sābītum ana šīm šikarim šeʾam la imtaḫar, ina abnim rabītim kaspam imtaḫar u maḫīr šikarim ana maḫīr šeʾim umtaṭṭi, sābītam šuāti ukannūšima²²⁰ ana mê inaddûši..

Richardson (2004, p. 75)

If instead of grain a brewer has accepted silver weighed with a large weight-stone for the price of drink, thus making the price of the drink less than the price of the grain, they shall prove that brewer guilty and throw her into the water.

§ 109

Bergmann (1953, p. 13, col. R II, lns. 26–35)

Law § 109 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 368)

šum-ma sābītum(MÍ.KURUN.NA) sà-ar-ru-tum i-na É-ša ittar-ka-sú-ma sà-ar-ru-tim šu-nu-ti la iṣ-ṣa-ab-tam-ma a-na É.GAL la ir-de-a-am sābītum(MÍ.KURUN.NA) ši-i id-da-ak.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 95)

šumma sābītum sarrūtum ina bītīša ittarkasū-ma sarrūtim šunūti lā iṣṣabtam-ma ana ekallim lā irdeam, sābītum šī iddâk.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 95)

If criminals have conspired in an innkeeper’s establishment and she has not arrested and conducted those criminals to the palace, that innkeeper will be executed.

§ 110

Bergmann (1953, p. 13, col. R II, lns. 36–44)

Law § 110 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 55)

šum-ma aššatum NIN.AN ša i-na MAL.GE.A la wa-aš-ba-at bît GEŠ.TIN.NA ip-te-te u lu a-na šikarim a-na bît GEŠ.TIN.NA i-te-ru-ub a-wi-il-tam šu-a-ti i-ḳal-lu-u-ši

Richardson (2004, p. 74)

šumma nadītum ugbabtum ša ina gagîm la wašbat bīt sībim iptete u lu ana šikarim ana bīt sībim īterub, awīltam šuāti iqallûši.

Richardson (2004, p. 75)

If a temple-woman, a priestess who has not been living in the communal house, opens a drinking house or enters a drinking house⁵³ for a drink, they shall burn such a woman.

§ 111

Bergmann (1953, p. 13, col. R II, lns. 45–49)

Law § 111 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 55)

šum-ma ŠAL.GEŠ.TIN.NA LX ḲA šikarim U.SA.KA.NI a-na di-ib-tim id-di-in i-na ebûrim L ḲA šeʾim i-li-ḳi

Richardson (2004, p. 74)

šumma sābītum ištēn pīḫam²²² ana qīptim iddin, ina ebūrim 5 sūt šeʾam ileqqe.

Richardson (2004, p. 75)

If a brewer gives one keg of beer⁵⁴ on trust, she shall receive five measures of grain at harvest.

§ 112

Bergmann (1953, p. 13, col. R II, lns. 50–74)

Law § 112 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 317)

šum-ma a-wi-lum i-na ḫar-ra-nim wa-ši-ib-ma KUG.BABBAR KUG.SIG₁₇ NA₄ ù bi-iš qá-ti-šu a-na a-wi-lim id-di-in-ma a-na ši-bu-ul-tim ú-ša-bíl-šu a-wi-lum šu-ú mi-im-ma ša šu-bu-lu a-šar šu-bu-lu la id-⸢di⸣-in-ma it-ba-al be-el ši-bu-ul-tim a-wi-lam šu-a-ti i-na mi-im-ma ša šu-bu-lu-ma la id-di-nu ú-ka-an-«nu»-šu-ma a-wi-lum šu-ú A.RÁ 5-šu mi-im-ma ša in-na-ad-nu-šum a-na be-el ši-bu-ul-tim i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 77)

šumma awīlum ina ḫarrānim wašim-ma kaspam ḫurāṣam abnam ū bīš qātīšu ana awīlim iddim-ma ana šībultim ušābilšu awīlum šū mimma ša šūbulu ašar šūbulu lā iddim-ma itbal, bēl šībultim awīlam šuāti ina mimma ša šūbulū-ma lā iddinu ukāššū-ma awīlum šū adi ḫamšīšu mimma ša innadnūšum ana bēl šībultim inaddin

Huehnergard (2013, p. 77)

If a man was living in transit (?) and gave a man silver, gold, (precious) stone(s), or small possessions, and had him deliver (them) on consignment, (and) that man did not give something that was to be dispatched where it was to be dispatched, but kept it himself (carried it away), the owner of the consignment will convict that man concerning anything that was to be dispatched but that he did not give, and then that man will give the owner of the consignment up to five times anything that was given to him.

§ 113

Bergmann (1953, p. 13–14, col. R II–III, lns. 75–76; 1–16)

Law § 113 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 350)

šum-ma a-wi-lum e-li a-wi-lim ŠE ù KUG.BABBAR i-šu-ma i-na ba-lum be-el ŠE i-na na-aš-pa-ki-im ù lu i-na ma-aš-ka-nim ŠE il-te-qé a-wi-lam šu-a-ti i-na ba-lum be-el ŠE i-na na-aš-pa-ki-im ù lu i-na KISLAḪ i-na ŠE le-qé-em ú-ka-an-nu-šu-ma ŠE ma-la il-qú-ú ú-ta-ar ù i-na mi-im-ma šum-šu ma-la id-di-nu i-te-el-li

Huehnergard (2013, p. 88)

šumma awīlum eli awīlim âm ū kaspam īšū-ma ina balum bēl êm ina našpakim ū lū ina maškanim âm ilteqe, awīlam šuāti ina balum bēl êm ina našpakim ū lū ina maškanim ina êm leqêm ukannūšū-ma âm mala ilqû utār; u ina mimma šumšu mala iddinu ītelli.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 88)

If a man was owed grain or silver by a man and has taken grain from a granary or from a threshing-floor without the consent of the owner of the grain, that man will be convicted of taking the grain from the granary or from the threshing-floor without the consent of the owner of the grain, and will return however much grain he took; moreover he will forfeit whatever amount he had given.

§ 114

Bergmann (1953, p. 14, col. R III, lns. 17–25)

Law § 114 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 291)

šum-ma a-wi-lum e-li a-wi-lim ŠE ù KUG.BABBAR la i-šu-ma ni-pu-sú it-te-pé a-na ni-pu-tim iš-ti-a-at 1/3 MA.NA KUG.BABBAR i-ša-qal

Huehnergard (2013, p. 68)

šumma awīlum eli awīlim âm u kaspam lā īšū-ma nipûssu ittepe, ana nipûtim ištiat šalšat manā kaspam išaqqal.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 68)

If a man was not owed grain or silver by a man, but has distrained a pledge of his, he will weigh out one-third mina of silver for each pledge.

§ 115

Bergmann (1953, p. 14, col. R III, lns. 26–37)

Law § 115 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 291)

šum-ma a-wi-lum e-li a-wi-lim ŠE ù KUG.BABBAR i-šu-ma ni-pu-sú ip-pé-ma ni-pu-tum i-na É ne-pí-ša i-na ši-ma-ti-ša im-tu-ut di-nu-um šu-ú ru-gu-um-ma-am ú-ul i-šu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 68)

šumma awīlum eli awīlim âm u kaspam īšū-ma nipûssu ippē-ma nipûtum ina bīt nēpīša ina šīmātīša imtūt, dīnum šū rugummâm ul īšu.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 68)

If a man was owed grain or silver by a man and distrained a pledge of his and the pledge has died of natural causes in her/his distrainer’s house, that case has no claim.

§ 116

Bergmann (1953, p. 14, col. R III, lns. 38–53)

Law § 116 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 399–400)

šum-ma ni-pu-tum i-na É ne-pí-ša i-na ma-ḫa-ṣí-im ù lu i-na uš-šu-ši-im im-tu-ut be-el ni-pu-tim DAM.GÀR-šu ú-ka-an-ma šum-ma DUMU a-wi-lim DUMU-šu i-du-uk-ku šum-ma ÌR a-wi-lim 1/3 MA.NA KUG.BABBAR i-ša-qal ù i-na mi-im-ma šum-šu ma-la id-di-nu i-te-el-li

Huehnergard (2013, p. 105)

šumma nipûtum ina bīt nēpīša ina maḫāṣim ū lū ina uššušim imtūt, bēl nipûtim tamkāršu ukām-ma šumma mār awīlim māršu idukkū, šumma warad awīlim šalušti manā kaspam išaqqal; u ina mimma šumšu mala iddinu ītelli.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 105)

If a pledge has died in her/his distrainer’s house through beating or through mistreatment, the owner of the pledge will convict his merchant, and if it was an awīlum’s offspring, they will execute his offspring, if it was an awīlum’s slave, he will weigh out one third mina of silver; and he will also forfeit whatever he had given.

§ 117

Bergmann (1953, p. 14, col. R III, lns. 54–67)

Law § 117 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 368–369)

šum-ma a-wi-lam e-ʾì-il-tum iṣ-ba-sú-ma DAM-sú DUMU-šu ù DUMU.MUNUS-sú a-na KUG.BABBAR id-di-in ù lu a-na ki-iš-ša-a-tim it-ta-an-di-in MU.3.KAM É ša-a-a-ma-ni-šu-nu ù ka-ši-ši-šu-nu i-ip-pé-šu i-na re-bu-tim ša-at-tim an-du-ra-ar-šu-nu iš-ša-ak-ka-an

Huehnergard (2013, p. 95)

šumma awīlam eʾiltum iṣbassū-ma aššassu mār(ā)šu u mārassu ana kaspim iddin ū lū ana kiššātim ittandin, šalāš šanātim bīt šayyāmānīšunu ū kāšišīšunu ippešū; ina rebūtim šattim andurāršunu iššakkan.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 95)

If financial difficulty has seized a man and he sold his wife, his son, and his daughter, or he has been sold into debt servitude, they will work in the house of their buyer or debt-exactor for three years; in the fourth year their freedom will be established.

§ 118

Bergmann (1953, p. 14, col. R III, lns. 68–73)

Law § 118 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 369)

šum-ma ÌR ù lu GEME₂ a-na ki-iš-ša-tim it-ta-an-di-in DAM.GÀR ú-še-te-eq a-na KUG.BABBAR i-na-ad-din ú-ul ib-ba-qar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 95)

šumma wardum ū lū amtum ana kiššātim ittandin, tamkārum ušetteq, ana kaspim inaddin; ul ibbaqqar.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 95)

If a male or female slave was sold for debt servitude, a merchant may take (him/her) along (or, may let the period elapse) and sell (him/her); it will not be contested.

§ 119

Bergmann (1953, p. 14, col. R III–IV, lns. 74–78; 1 –3)

Law § 119 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 192)

šum-ma a-wi-lam e-ʾì-il-tum iṣ-ba-sú-ma GEME₂-sú ša DUMU.MEŠ ul-du-šum a-na KUG.BABBAR it-ta-din KUG.BABBAR DAM.GÀR iš-qú-lu be-el GEME₂ i-ša-qal-ma GEME₂-s[ú] i-pa-ṭár

Huehnergard (2013, p. 41)

šumma awīlam eʾiltum iṣbassū-ma amassu ša mārī uldūšum ana kaspim ittadin, kasap tamkārum išqulu bēl amtim išaqqal-ma amass[u] ipaṭṭar.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 41)

If a financial liability “seized” a man and he has sold his slave who bore him children, the owner of the slave may pay the silver the merchant paid and so redeem (or, to redeem) hi[s] slave.

§ 120

Bergmann (1953, p. 14, col. R IV, lns. 4–23)

Law § 120 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 441)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ŠE-šu a-na na-aš-pa-ku-tim i-na É a-wi-lim(! LUM) iš-pu-uk-ma i-na qá-ri-tim i-ib-bu-ú-um it-tab-ši ù lu be-el É na-aš-pa-kam ip-te-ma ŠE il-qé ù lu ŠE ša i-na É-šu iš-ša-ap-ku a-na ga-am-ri-im it-ta-ki-ir be-el ŠE ma-ḫar i-lim ŠE-šu ú-ba-ar-ma be-el É ŠE ša il-qú-ú uš-ta-ša-na-ma a-na be-el ŠE i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 123)

šumma awīlum âšu ana našpakūtim ina bīt awīlim išpuk-ma ina qarītim ibbûm ittabši ū lū bēl bītim našpakam iptē-ma âm ilqe ū lū âm ša ina bītīšu iššapku ana gamrim ittakir, bēl êm maḫar ilim âšu ubār-ma bēl bītim âm ša ilqû uštašannā-ma ana bēl êm inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 123)

If a man stored his grain as silage in a(nother) man’s establishment and a deficit occurred in the storeroom, (and) either the owner of the establishment opened the granary and took the grain or he denied completely that the grain had been stored in his establishment, the owner of the grain will certify his grain before the god, and the owner of the establishment will give the owner of the grain twice the grain he received.

§ 121

Bergmann (1953, p. 14–15, col. R IV, lns. 24–30)

Law § 121 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 278)

šum-ma a-wi-lum i-na É a-wi-lim ŠE iš-pu-uk i-na ša-na-at a-na 1 ŠE.GUR.E ḫamšat qa âm (5 SILA₃ ŠE) Á na-aš-pa-ki-im i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 64)

šumma awīlum ina bīt awīlim âm išpuk ina šanat ana ištēn kur êm ḫamšat qa âm idī našpakim inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 64)

If a man stored grain at a man’s estate, he will give five qûm of grain as the (rental) cost of the granary per year for each kor of grain.

§ 122

Bergmann (1953, p. 15, col. R IV, lns. 31–43)

Law § 122 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 59)

šum-ma a-wi-lum a-na a-wi-lim KUG.BABBAR KUG.SIG₁₇ ù mi-im-ma šum-šu a-na ma-ṣa-ru-tim i-na-ad-di-in mi-im-ma ma-la i-na-ad-di-nu ši-bi ú-kál-lam ri-ik-sa-tim i-ša-ak-ka-an-ma a-na ma-ṣa-ru-tim i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 59)

šumma awīlum ana awīlim kaspam ḫurāṣam ū mimma šumšu ana maṣṣarūtim inaddin, mimma mala inaddinu šībī ukallam riksātim išakkam-ma ana maṣṣarūtim inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 59)

If a man wishes to give silver, gold, or anything to a man for safekeeping, he will show whatever he would give to witnesses, make out contracts, and then he may give (it) for safekeeping.

§ 123

Bergmann (1953, p. 15, col. R IV, lns. 44–52)

Law § 123 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 59)

šum-ma ba-lum ši-bi u ri-ik-sa-tim a-na ma-ṣa-ru-tim id-di-in-ma a-šar id-di-nu it-ta-ak-ru-šu di-nu-um šu-u ru-gu-um-ma-am u-ul i-šu

Richardson (2004, p. 80)

šumma balum šībī u riksātim ana maṣṣarūtim iddinma ašar iddinu ittakrūšu, dīnum šû rugummâm ul išu.

Richardson (2004, p. 81)

If he has given anything into custody without witnesses or agreements and they disagree with him at the place where he gave it, there is no cause for complaint in such circumstances.

§ 124

Bergmann (1953, p. 15, col. R IV, lns. 53–65)

Law § 124 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 124)

šum-ma a-wi-lum a-na a-wi-lim KUG.BABBAR KUG.SIG₁₇ ù mi-im-ma šum-šu ma-ḫar ši-bi a-na ma-ṣa-ru-tim id-di-in-ma it-ta-ki-ir-šu a-wi-lam šu-a-ti ú-ka-an-nu-šu-ma mi-im-ma ša ik-ki-ru uš-ta-ša-na-ma i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 124)

šumma awīlum ana awīlim kaspam ḫurāṣam ū mimma šumšu maḫar šībī ana maṣṣarūtim iddim-ma ittakiršu, awīlam šuāti ukannūšū-ma mimma ša ikkiru uštašannā-ma inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 124)

If a man gave a man silver, gold, or anything for safekeeping before witnesses but then he has denied it, that man will be convicted and will give twice whatever he denied.

§ 125

Bergmann (1953, p. 15, col. R IV–V, lns. 66–79; 1–7)

Law § 125 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 414)

šum-ma a-wi-lum mi-im-ma-šu a-na ma-ṣa-ru-tim id-di-in-ma a-šar id-di-nu ù lu i-na pí-il-ši-im ù lu i-na na-ba-al-ka-at-tim mi-im-mu-šu it-ti mi-im-me-e be-el É iḫ-ta-li-iq be-el É ša i-gu-ma mi-im-ma ša a-na ma-ṣa-ru-tim id-di-nu-šum-ma ú-ḫal-li-qú ú-ša-lam-ma a-na be-el NÍG.GA i-ri-a-ab be-el É mi-im-ma-šu ḫal-qá-am iš-te-ne-i-ma [it]-ti šar-ra-⸢qá⸣-ni-šu i-le-qé

Huehnergard (2013, p. 112)

šumma awīlum mimmâšu ana maṣṣarūtim iddim-ma ašar iddinu ū lū ina pilšim ū lū ina nabalkattim mimmûšu itti mimmê bēl bītim iḫtaliq, bēl bītim ša īgû-ma; mimma ša ana maṣṣarūtim iddinūšum-ma uḫalliqu ušallam-ma ana bēl makkūrim irīab; bēl bītim mimmâšu ḫalqam išteneʾʾī-ma [it]ti šarrāqānīšu ileqqe.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 112)

If a man gave his property for safekeeping, and where he gave (it), his property along with the property of the owner of the house has gone missing, either through a break-in or through a burglary, the owner of the house is the one who was negligent; he will make good and restore to the owner of the goods whatever (the other man) gave him for safekeeping and he lost; the owner of the house will look for his stolen property and get (it) from his thief.

§ 126

Bergmann (1953, p. 15, col. R V, lns. 8–24)

Law § 126 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 441)

šum-ma a-wi-lum mi-im-mu-šu la ḫa-li-[iq]-ma mi-im-me-e ḫa-li-iq iq-ta-bi ba-ab-ta-šu ú-te-eb-bi-ir ki-ma mi-im-mu-šu la ḫal-qú ba-ab-ta-šu i-na ma-ḫar i-lim ú-ba-ar-šu-ma mi-im-ma ša ir-gu-mu uš-ta-ša-na-ma a-na ba-ab-ti-šu i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 123)

šumma awīlum mimmûšu lā ḫali[q]-ma “mimmê ḫaliq” iqtabi, bābtašu ūtebbir, kīma mimmûšu lā ḫalqu bābtašu ina maḫar ilim ubāršū-ma mimma ša irgumu uštašannā-ma ana bābtīšu inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 123)

If a man whose property was not missing has said, “my property is missing,” and has accused his district, his district will establish before the god that his property is not missing, and he will give his district twice whatever he had contested.

§ 127

Bergmann (1953, p. 15, col. R V, lns. 25–34)

Law § 127 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 305)

šum-ma a-wi-lum e-li NIN.DINGIR ù aš-ša-at a-wi-lim ú-ba-nam ú-ša-at-ri-iṣ-ma la uk-ti-in a-wi-lam šu-a-ti ma-ḫar da-a-a-ni i-na-AD-DU-ú-šu ù mu-ut-ta-sú ú-gal-la-bu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 73)

šumma awīlum eli entim ū aššat awīlim ubānam ušatriṣ-ma lā uktīn, awīlam šuāti maḫar dayyānī inaṭṭûšu; u muttassu ugallabū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 73)

If a man pointed a finger at an entum-priestess or a man’s wife and has not convicted (her), that man will be beaten in the presence of the judges; and half his hair will be shaved.

§ 128

Bergmann (1953, p. 15, col. R V, lns. 35–41)

Law § 128 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 51)

šum-ma a-wi-lum aš-ša-tam i-ḫu-uz-ma ri-ik-sa-ti-ša la iš-ku-un MUNUS ši-i ú-ul aš-ša-at

Huehnergard (2013, p. 51)

šumma awīlum aššatam īḫuz-ma riksātīša lā iškun sinništum šī ul aššat.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 51)

If a man married a woman but did not conclude her contracts, that woman is not a wife.

§ 129

Bergmann (1953, p. 15–16, col. R V, lns. 42–53)

Law § 129 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 400)

šum-ma aš-ša-at a-wi-lim it-ti zi-ka-ri-im ša-ni-im i-na i-tu-lim it-ta-aṣ-bat i-ka-sú-šu-nu-ti-ma a-na me-e i-na-ad-du-ú-šu-nu-ti šum-ma be-el aš-ša-tim aš-ša-sú ú-ba-la-aṭ ù šar-ru-um ÌR-sú ú-ba-la-aṭ

Huehnergard (2013, p. 106)

šumma aššat awīlim itti zikarim šanîm ina itūlim ittaṣbat, ikassûšunūtī-ma ana mê inaddûšunūti; šumma bēl aššatim aššassu uballaṭ u šarrum warassu uballaṭ.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 106)

If an awīlum’s wife has been caught lying with another man, they will be bound and thrown into the water; if the wife’s lord wishes to spare his wife, the king may also spare his servant.

§ 130

Bergmann (1953, p. 16, col. R V, lns. 54–67)

Law § 130 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 400)

šum-ma a-wi-lum aš-ša-at a-wi-lim ša zi-ka-ra-am la i-du-ú-ma i-na É a-bi-ša wa-aš-ba-at ú-kab-bil-ši-ma i-na su-ni-ša it-ta-ti-il-ma iṣ-ṣa-ab-tu-šu a-wi-lum šu-ú id-da-ak MUNUS ši-i ú-ta-aš-šar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 106)

šumma awīlum aššat awīlim ša zikaram lā īdû-ma ina bīt abīša wašbat ukabbilšī-ma ina sunīša ittatīl-ma iṣṣabtūšu, awīlum šū iddâk; sinništum šī ūtaššar.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 106)

If an awīlum immobilized and had intercourse with an awīlum’s wife who had not known a man and who was living in her father’s house, and he has been caught, that awīlum will be executed; that woman will be released.

§ 131

Bergmann (1953, p. 16, col. R V, lns. 68–76)

Law § 131 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 400)

šum-ma aš-ša-at a-wi-lim mu-sà ú-ub-bi-ir-ši-ma it-ti zi-ka-ri-im ša-ni-im i-na ú-tu-lim la iṣ-ṣa-bi-it ni-iš i-lim i-za-kar-ma a-na É-ša i-ta-ar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 106)

šumma aššat awīlim mussa ubbiršī-ma itti zikarim šanîm ina utūlim lā iṣṣabit, nīš ilim izakkar ana bītīša itâr.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 106)

If a man’s wife was accused by her husband but was not caught lying with another man, she will take an oath and return to her house.

§ 132

Bergmann (1953, p. 16, col. R V–VI, lns. 77–83; 1–6)

Law § 132 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 400)

šum-ma aš-ša-at a-wi-lim aš-šum zi-ka-ri-im ša-ni-im ú-ba-nu-um e-li-ša it-ta-ri-iṣ-ma it-ti zi-ka-ri-im ša-ni-im i-na ú-tu-lim la it-ta-aṣ-ba-at a-na mu-ti-ša ^dÍD i-ša-al-li

Huehnergard (2013, p. 106)

šumma aššat awīlim aššum zikarim šanîm ubānum elīša ittariṣ-ma itti zikarim šanîm ina utūlim lā ittaṣbat ana mutīša Id išalli.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 106)

If a finger has been pointed at an awīlum’s wife on account of another man but she has not been caught lying with another man, she will dive into the River for her husband.

§ 133

Bergmann (1953, p. 16, col. R VI, lns. 7–26)

Law § 133 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 245–246)

[a] šum-ma a-wi-lum iš-ša-li-il-ma i-na É-šu ša a-ka-lim [i]-ba-aš-ši [aš]-ša-sú [É-sú i]-ṣa-[ab-ba-a]t [ù pa-gàr-š]a [i-na-aṣ-ṣa-a]r [a-na É ša-ni-i]m [ú-ul i-ir-r]u-ub [b] š[um-m]a MUNUS ši-i [pa]-gàr-ša la iṣ-ṣur-ma a-na É ša-ni-im i-te-ru-ub MUNUS šu-a-ti ú-ka-an-nu-ši-ma a-na me-e i-na-ad-du-ú-ši

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

[a] šumma awīlum iššalil-ma ina bītīšu ša akālim [i]bašši [aš]šassu [bīssu i]ṣa[bba]t [u pagarš]a [inaṣṣa]r [ana bīt(im) šanî]m [ul irr]ub. [b] š[umm]a sinništum šī [pa]garša lā iṣṣur-ma ana bīt(im) šanîm īterub sinništam šuāti ukannūšī-ma ana mê inaddûši.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

[a] If a man has been carried off (as booty), but there is something to eat in his house, his wife will take over his house, and protect herself; she will not enter another house/the house of another man. [b] If that woman has not protected herself, but has entered another house/the house of another man, that woman will be convicted and thrown into the water.

§ 134

Bergmann (1953, p. 16, col. R VI, lns. 27–36)

Law § 134 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 102)

šum-ma a-wi-lum iš-ša-li-il-ma i-na É-šu ša a-ka-li-im la i-ba-aš-ši aš-ša-sú a-na É ša-ni-im i-ir-ru-ub MUNUS ši-i ar-nam ú-ul i-šu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 102)

šumma awīlum iššalil-ma ina bītīšu ša akālim lā ibašši, aššassu ana bīt šanîm irrub; sinništum šī arnam ul īšu.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 102)

If a man was taken captive and there is not enough to eat in his house, his wife may enter another’s house; that woman will have no guilt.

§ 135

Bergmann (1953, p. 16, col. R VI, lns. 37–56)

Law § 135 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 102)

šum-ma a-wi-lum iš-ša-li-il-ma i-na É-šu ša a-ka-li-im la i-ba-aš-ši a-na pa-ni-šu aš-ša-sú a-na É ša-ni-im i-te-ru-ub-ma DUMU.MEŠ it-ta-la-ad i-na wa-ar-ka mu-sà it-tu-ra-am-ma URU-šu ik-ta-áš-dam MUNUS ši-i a-na ḫa-wi-ri-ša i-ta-ar DUMU.MEŠ wa-ar-ki a-bi-šu-nu i-il-la-ku

Huehnergard (2013, p. 102)

šumma awīlum iššalil-ma ina bītīšu ša akālim lā ibašši, ana pānīšu aššassu ana bīt šanîm īterum-ma mārī ittalad, ina warka mussa ittūram-ma āl(ā)šu iktašdam, sinništum šī ana ḫāwirīša itâr; mārū warki abīšunu illakū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 102)

If a man was taken captive and there is not enough to eat in his house, (and) therefore (or, before his return) his wife has entered another’s house and has born children, (and) later her husband has returned and reached his town, that woman will return to her first husband; the children will follow their father.

§ 136

Bergmann (1953, p. 16–17, col. R VI, lns. 57–72)

Law § 136 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 102)

šum-ma a-wi-lum URU-šu id-di-ma it-ta-bi-it wa-ar-ki-šu aš-ša-sú a-na É ša-ni-im i-te-ru-ub šum-ma a-wi-lum šu-ú it-tu-ra-am-ma aš-ša-sú iṣ-ṣa-ba-at aš-šum URU-šu i-ze-ru-ma in-na-bi-tu aš-ša-at mu-na-ab-tim a-na mu-ti-ša ú-ul i-ta-ar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 102)

šumma awīlum āl(ā)šu iddī-ma itta(ʾ)bit, warkīšu aššassu ana bīt šanîm īterub, šumma awīlum šū ittūram-ma aššassu iṣṣabat, aššum āl(ā)šu izērū-ma innābitu, aššat munnabtim ana mutīša ul itâr.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 102)

If a man abandoned his town and has fled, (and) after his departure his wife has entered another’s house, if that man has returned and seized his wife, because he despised his town and fled, the fugitive’s wife will not return to her husband.

§ 137

Bergmann (1953, p. 16–17, col. R VI–VII, lns. 73–85; 1–13)

Law § 137 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 383)

šum-ma a-wi-lum a-na ^míšu-gi₄-tim ša DUMU.MEŠ ul-du-šum ù lu LUKUR ša DUMU.MEŠ ú-šar-šu-šu e-zé-bi-im pa-ni-šu iš-ta-ka-an a-na MUNUS šu-a-ti še-ri-ik-ta-ša ú-ta-ar-ru-ši-im ù mu-ut-ta-at A.ŠÀ KIRI₆ ù bi-ši-im i-na-ad-di-nu-ši-im-ma DUMU.MEŠ-ša ú-ra-ab-ba iš-tu DUMU.MEŠ-ša úr-ta-ab-bu-ú i-na mi-im-ma ša a-na DUMU.MEŠ-ša in-na-ad-nu zí-it-tam ki-ma ap-lim iš-te-en i-na-ad-di-nu-ši-im-ma mu-tu li-ib-bi-ša i-iḫ-ḫa-as-sí

Huehnergard (2013, p. 101)

šumma awīlum ana šugītim ša mārī uldūšum ū lū nadītim ša mārī ušaršûšu ezēbim pānīšu ištakan, ana sinništim šuāti šeriktaša utarrūšim; u muttat eqlim kirîm u bīšim inaddinūšim-ma mārīša urabba; ištu mārīša urtabbû ina mimma ša ana mārīša innadnu zīttam kīma aplim ištēn inaddinūšim-ma mutu libbīša iḫḫassi.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 101)

If a man has decided to divorce a junior wife who bore him children or a nadītum who provided him with children, that woman’s dowry will be returned to her; further half of the field, orchard, and property will be given to her so that she may raise her children; after she has raised her children she will be given a share like (that of) an individual heir from whatever was given to her children, and then the man of her heart may marry her.

§ 138

Bergmann (1953, p. 17, col. R VII, lns. 14–24)

Law § 138 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 60)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ḫi-ir-ta-šu ša DUMU.MEŠ la ul-du-šum i-iz-zi-ib KUG.BABBAR ma-la ter-ḫa-ti-ša i-na-ad-di-iš-ši-im ù še-ri-ik-tam ša iš-tu É a-bi-ša ub-lam ú-ša-lam-ši-im-ma i-iz-zi-ib-ši

Huehnergard (2013, p. 60)

šumma awīlum ḫīrtašu ša mārī lā uldūšum izzib, kaspam mala terḫatīša inaddiššim u šeriktam ša ištu bīt abīša ublam ušallamšim-ma izzibši.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 60)

If a man wishes to divorce his wife who has not born him children, he will give her as much silver as her bride-price, and also repay to her the dowry that she brought from her father’s house, and then he may divorce her.

§ 139

Bergmann (1953, p. 17, col. R VII, lns. 25–29)

Law § 139 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 65)

šum-ma tir-ḫa-tum la i-ba-aš-ši I ma-na kaspim a-na u-zu-ub-bi-im i-na-ad-di-iš-ši-im

Richardson (2004, p. 84)

šumma terḫatum la ibašši, 1 mana kaspam ana uzubbêm inaddiššim

Richardson (2004, p. 85)

If there is no bride-price, he shall give one mana of silver as a divorce claim.

§ 140

Bergmann (1953, p. 17, col. R VII, lns. 30–32)

Law § 140 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 65)

šum-ma MAŠ.EN.KAK ⅓ ma-na kaspim i-na-ad-di-iš-ši-im

Richardson (2004, p. 84)

šumma muškēnum ⅓ mana kaspam inaddiššim

Richardson (2004, p. 85)

If he is a workman, he shall give a third of a mana of silver.

§ 141

Bergmann (1953, p. 17, col. R VII, lns. 33–59)

Law § 141 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 369)

šum-ma aš-ša-at a-wi-lim ša i-na É a-wi-lim wa-aš-ba-at a-na wa-ṣe-em pa-ni-ša iš-ta-ka-an-ma sí-ki-il-tam i-sà-ak-ki-il É-sà ú-sà-ap-pa-aḫ mu-sà ú-ša-am-ṭa ú-ka-an-nu-ši-ma šum-ma mu-sà e-zé-eb-ša iq-ta-bi i-iz-zi-ib-ši ha-ra-an-ša ú-zu-ub-bu-ša mi-im-ma ú-ul in-na-ad-di-iš-ši-im šum-ma mu-sà la e-zé-eb-ša iq-ta-bi mu-sà MUNUS ša-ni-tam i-iḫ-ḫa-az MUNUS ši-i ki-ma GEME₂ i-na É mu-ti-ša uš-ša-ab

Huehnergard (2013, p. 95)

šumma aššat awīlim ša ina bīt awīlim wašbat ana waṣêm pānīša ištakam-ma sikiltam isakkil bīssa usappaḫ mussa ušamṭa, ukannūšī-ma, šumma mussa ezēbša iqtabi, izzibši; ḫarrāšša uzubbûša mimma ul innaddiššim; šumma mussa lā ezēbša iqtabi, mussa sinništam šanītam iḫḫaz; sinništum šī kīma amtim ina bīt mutīša uššab.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 95)

If a man’s wife who was living in the man’s house has decided to leave and has been acquiring property illegally, squandering her own house, (and) belittling her husband, she will be convicted and, if her husband has ordered her divorce, he may divorce her; her travel provisions, her divorce payment, nothing will be given to her; if her husband has not ordered her divorce, her husband may (nevertheless) marry another woman; the aforesaid woman will dwell in her husband’s house as a slave.

§ 142

Bergmann (1953, p. 17–18, col. R VII–VIII, lns. 60–73; 1–5)

Law § 142 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 400)

šum-ma MUNUS mu-sà i-ze-er-ma ú-ul ta-aḫ-ḫa-za-an-ni iq-ta-bi wa-ar-ka-sà i-na ba-ab-ti-ša ip-pa-ar-ra-ás-ma šum-ma na-aṣ-ra-at-ma ḫi-ṭi-tam la i-šu ù mu-sa₆ wa-ṣí-ma ma-ga-al ú-ša-am-ṭa-ši MUNUS ši-i ar-nam ú-ul i-šu še-ri-ik-ta-ša i-le-qé-ma a-na É a-bi-ša it-ta-al-la-ak

Huehnergard (2013, p. 106)

šumma sinništum mussa izēr-ma “ul taḫḫazannī” iqtabi, warkassa ina bābtīša ipparras-ma šumma naṣrat-ma ḫiṭītam lā īšu u mussa waṣī-ma magal ušamṭāši, sinništum šī arnam ul īšu; šeriktaša ileqqē-ma ana bīt abīša ittallak.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 106)

If a woman detested her husband and has said, “you will not have me,” her circumstances will be investigated in her district, and if she has been vigilant and has no fault, but her husband goes out and treats her very badly, that woman has no offense; she may take her dowry and go off to her father’s house.

§ 143

Bergmann (1953, p. 18, col. R VIII, lns. 6–12)

Law § 143 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 400)

šum-ma la na-aṣ-ra-at-ma wa-ṣí-a-at bi-sà ú-sà-ap-pa-aḫ mu-sà ú-ša-am-ṭa MUNUS šu-a-ti a-na me-e i-na-ad-du-ú-ši

Huehnergard (2013, p. 106)

šumma lā naṣrat-ma waṣiat bīssa usappaḫ mussa ušamṭa, sinništam šuāti ana mê inaddûši.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 106)

If she has not been vigilant and goes out, squanders her estate, (and) treats her husband badly, that woman will be cast into the water.

§ 144

Bergmann (1953, p. 18, col. R VIII, lns. 13–27)

Law § 144 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 350)

šum-ma a-wi-lum LUKUR i-ḫu-uz-ma LUKUR ši-i GEME₂ a-na mu-ti-ša id-di-in-ma DUMU.MEŠ uš-tab-ši a-wi-lum šu-ú a-na ^míšu-gi₄-tim a-ḫa-zi-im pa-ni-šu iš-ta-ka-an a-wi-lam šu-a-ti ú-ul i-ma-ag-ga-ru-šu ^míšu-gi₄-tam ú-ul i-iḫ-ḫa-az

Huehnergard (2013, p. 88)

šumma awīlum nadītam īḫuz-ma nadītum šī amtam ana mutīša iddim-ma mārī uštabši awīlum šū ana šugītim aḫāzim pānīšu ištakan, awīlam šuāti ul imaggarūšu; šugītam ul iḫḫaz.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 88)

If a man married a nadītum and that nadītum gave her husband a slave and has (thereby) produced children, (but) that man has decided to marry a junior wife, that man will not be permitted; he will not marry a junior wife.

§ 145

Bergmann (1953, p. 18, col. R VIII, lns. 28–42)

Law § 145 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 441)

šum-ma a-wi-lum LUKUR i-ḫu-uz-ma DUMU.MEŠ la ú-šar-ši-šu-ma a-na ^míšu-gi₄-tim a-ḫa-zi-im pa-ni-šu iš-ta-ka-an a-wi-lum šu-ú ^míšu-gi₄-tam i-iḫ-ḫa-az a-na É-šu ú-še-er-re-eb-ši ^míšu-gi₄-tum ši-i it-ti LUKUR ú-ul uš-ta-ma-aḫ-ḫa-ar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 123)

šumma awīlum nadītam īḫuz-ma mārī lā ušaršīšū-ma ana šugītim aḫāzim pānīšu ištakan, awīlum šū šugītam iḫḫaz; ana bītīšu ušerrebši; šugītum šī itti nadītim ul uštamaḫḫar.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 124)

If a man married a nadītum but she did not help him acquire children and he has decided to marry a šugītum, said man may marry a šugītum; he may bring her into his house; said šugītum will not compare herself with the nadītum.

§ 146

Bergmann (1953, p. 18, col. R VIII, lns. 43–59)

Law § 146 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 441)

šum-ma a-wi-lum LUKUR i-ḫu-uz-ma GEME₂ a-na mu-ti-ša id-di-in-ma DUMU.MEŠ it-ta-la-ad wa-ar-ka-nu-um GEME₂ ši-i it-ti be-el-ti-ša uš-ta-tam-ḫi-ir aš-šum DUMU.MEŠ ul-du be-le-sà a-na KUG.BABBAR ú-ul i-na-ad-di-iš-ši ab-bu-ut-tam i-ša-ak-ka-an-ši-ma it-ti GEME₂.ḪI.A i-ma-an-nu-ši

Huehnergard (2013, p. 123–124)

šumma awīlum nadītam īḫuz-ma amtam ana mutīša iddim-ma mārī ittalad, warkānum amtum šī itti bēltīša uštatamḫir, aššum mārī uldu bēlessa ana kaspim ul inaddišši; abbuttam išakkaššī-ma itti amātim imannūši.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 124)

If a man married a nadītum and she gave her husband a slave and she has born children, (and) later on said slave has compared herself with her mistress, her mistress will not sell her, since she bore children; she will give her a slave’s hairstyle and include her with (the rest of) the slaves.

§ 147

Bergmann (1953, p. 18, col. R VIII, lns. 60–64)

Law § 147 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 441)

šum-ma DUMU.MEŠ la ú-li-id be-le-sà a-na KUG.BABBAR i-na-ad-di-iš-ši

Huehnergard (2013, p. 124)

šumma mārī lā ulid, bēlessa ana kaspim inaddišši.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 124)

If she has not born children, her mistress may sell her.

§ 148

Bergmann (1953, p. 18, col. R VIII, lns. 65–81)

Law § 148 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 414–415)

šum-ma a-wi-lum aš-ša-tam i-ḫu-uz-ma la-aᵓ-bu-um iṣ-ṣa-ba-as-sí a-na ša-ni-tim a-ḫa-zi-im pa-ni-šu iš-ta-ka-an i-iḫ-ḫa-az aš-ša-sú ša la-aᵓ-bu-um iṣ-ba-tu ú-ul i-iz-zi-ib-ši i-na É i-pu-šu uš-ša-am-ma a-di ba-al-ṭa-at it-ta-na-aš-ši-ši

Huehnergard (2013, p. 112)

šumma awīlum aššatam īḫuz-ma laᵓbum iṣṣabassi ana šanītim aḫāzim pānīšu ištakan, iḫḫaz; aššassu ša laᵓbum iṣbatu ul izzibši; ina bīt īpušu uššam-ma adi balṭat ittanaššīši.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 112)

If a man married a woman and a skin disease has afflicted her, (and) he has decided to marry another woman, he may marry; he may not divorce his wife whom the disease afflicted; she may live in the household he made and he will support her as long as she lives.

§ 149

Bergmann (1953, p. 18, col. R IX, lns. 1–9)

Law § 149 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 415)

šumma MUNUS ši-i i-na É mu-ti-ša wa-ša-ba-am la im-ta-gàr še-ri-ik-ta-ša ša iš-tu É a-bi-ša ub-lam ú-[š]a-lam-šim-ma it-ta-al-la-ak

Huehnergard (2013, p. 112)

šumma sinništum šī ina bīt mutīša wašābam lā imtagar, šeriktaša ša ištu bīt abīša ublam u[š]allamšim-ma ittallak.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 112)

If that woman has not consented to live in her husband’s house, he will restore to her the dowry that she brought from her father’s house, and she may go off.

§ 150

Bergmann (1953, p. 19, col. R IX, lns. 10–25)

Law § 150 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 192)

šum-ma a-wi-lum a-na aš-ša-ti-šu A.ŠÀ ^gišKIRI₆ É ù bi-ša-am iš-ru-uk-šim ku-nu-uk-kam i-zi-ib-ši-im wa-ar-ki mu-ti-ša DUMU.MEŠ-ša ú-ul i-ba-qá-ru-ši um-mu-um wa-ar-ka-sà a-na DUMU-ša ša i-ra-am-mu i-na-ad-di-in a-na a-ḫi-im ú-ul i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 41)

šumma awīlum ana aššatīšu eqlam kiriam bītam ū bīšam išrukšim, kunukkam īzibšim, warki mutīša mārūša ul ibaqqarūši; ummum warkassa ana mārīša ša irammu inaddin; ana aḫîm ul inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 41–42)

If a man bestowed a field, orchard, house, or property on his wife, (and) made out a sealed document for her, after (the death of) her husband her sons will not bring suit against her; the mother may give her inheritance to her child whom she loves; she will not give (it) to an outsider.

§ 151

Bergmann (1953, p. 19, col. R IX, lns. 26–51)

Law § 151 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 77)

šum-ma MUNUS ša i-na É a-wi-lim wa-aš-ba-at aš-šum be-el ḫu-bu-ul-lim ša mu-ti-ša la ṣa-ba-ti-ša mu-sà úr-ta-ak-ki-is DUB-pa-am uš-te-zi-ib šum-ma a-wi-lum šu-ú la-ma MUNUS šu-a-ti i-iḫ-ḫa-zu ḫu-bu-ul-lum e-li-šu i-ba-aš-ši be-el ḫu-bu-ul-li-šu aš-ša-sú ú-ul i-ṣa-ba-tu ù šum-ma MUNUS ši-i la-ma a-na É a-wi-lim i-ir-ru-bu ḫu-bu-ul-lum e-li-ša i-ba-aš-ši be-el ḫu-bu-ul-li-ša mu-sà ú-ul i-ṣa-ba-tu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 78)

šumma sinništum ša ina bīt awīlim wašbat aššum bēl ḫubullim ša mutīša lā ṣabātīša muṣa urtakkis ṭuppam uštēzib, šumma awīlum šū lāma sinništam šuāti iḫḫazu ḫubullum elīšu ibašši, bēl ḫubullīšu aššassu ul iṣabbatū; u šumma sinništum šī lāma ana bīt awīlim irrubu ḫubullum elīša ibašši, bēl ḫubullīša mussa ul iṣabbatū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 78)

If a woman living in a man’s house has contracted (with) her husband to make out a tablet so that a creditor of her husband may not seize her, if that man owed a debt before he married that woman, his creditors will not seize his wife; and if that woman owes a debt before she enters the man’s house, her creditors will not seize her husband.

§ 152

Bergmann (1953, p. 19, col. R IX, lns. 52–60)

Law § 152 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 78)

šum-ma iš-tu MUNUS ši-i a-na É a-wi-lim i-ru-bu e-li-šu-nu ḫu-bu-ul-lum it-tab-ši ki-la-la-šu-nu DAM.GÀR i-ip-pa-lu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 78)

šumma ištu sinništum šī ana bīt awīlim īrubu elīšunu ḫubullum ittabši kilallāšunu tamkāram ippalū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 78)

If after that woman entered the man’s house they have incurred a debt (a debt has come about against them), the two of them will pay the merchant.

§ 153

Bergmann (1953, p. 19, col. R IX, lns. 61–66)

Law § 153 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 330)

šum-ma aš-ša-at a-wi-lim aš-šum zi-ka-ri-im ša-ni-im mu-sà uš-di-ik MUNUS šu-a-ti i-na ga-ši-ši-im i-ša-ak-ka-nu-ši

Huehnergard (2013, p. 82)

šumma aššat awīlim aššum zikarim šanîm mussa ušdīk, sinništam šuāti ina gašīšim išakkanūši.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 82)

If a man’s wife had her husband killed because of another man, that woman will be impaled.

§ 154

Bergmann (1953, p. 19, col. R IX, lns. 67–71)

Law § 154 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 317)

šum-ma a-wi-lum DUMU.MUNUS-sú il-ta-ma-ad a-wi-lam šu-a-ti URU ú-še-eṣ-ṣú-ú-šu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 77)

šumma awīlum māraṣu iltamad, awīlam šuāti ālam ušeṣṣûšu.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 77)

If a man has known his daughter, that man will be made to leave the city.

§ 155

Bergmann (1953, p. 19, col. R IX–X, lns. 72–82; 1)

Law § 155 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 400)

šum-ma a-wi-lum a-na DUMU-šu É.GI₄.A i-ḫi-ir-ma DUMU-šu il-ma-sí šu-ú wa-ar-ka-nu-um-ma i-na sú-ni-ša it-ta-ti-il-ma iṣ-ṣa-ab-tu-šu a-wi-lam šu-a-ti i-ka-sú-šu-ma a-na me-e i-na-ad-du-ú-šu(!ŠI)

Huehnergard (2013, p. 106)

šumma awīlum ana mārīšu kallatam iḫīr-ma māršu ilmassi šū warkānum-ma ina sūnīša ittatīl-ma iṣṣabtūšu, awīlam šuāti ikassûšū-ma ana mê inaddûšu.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 106)

If a man chose a bride for his son and the son has known her, (and) he himself has later had intercourse with her and has been caught, that man will be bound and thrown into the water.

§ 156

Bergmann (1953, p. 19, col. R X, lns. 2–17)

Law § 156 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 400–401)

šum-ma a-wi-lum a-na DUMU-šu É.GI₄.A i-ḫi-ir-ma DUMU-šu la il-ma-sí-ma šu-ú i-na sú-ni-ša it-ta-ti-il 1/2 MA.NA KUG.BABBAR i-ša-qal-ši-im-ma ù mi-im-ma ša iš-tu É a-bi-ša ub-lam ú-ša-lam-ši-im-ma mu-tu li-ib-bi-ša i-iḫ-ḫa-as-sí

Huehnergard (2013, p. 106)

šumma awīlum ana mārīšu kallatam iḫīr-ma māršu lā ilmassī-ma šū ina sūnīša ittatīl, mišil manā kaspam išaqqalšim-ma u mimma ša ištu bīt abīša ublam ušallamšim-ma mutu libbīša iḫḫassi.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 106)

If a man has chosen a bride for his son and his son has not known her, (and) he himself has had intercourse with her, he will weigh out for her half a mina of silver; and also whatever she brought from her father’s estate he will restore to her and the husband she wishes may marry her.

§ 157

Bergmann (1953, p. 19–20, col. R X, lns. 18–23)

Law § 157 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 401)

šum-ma a-wi-lum wa-ar-ki a-bi-šu i-na sú-un um-mi-šu it-ta-ti-il ki-la-li-šu-nu i-qal-lu-ú-šu-nu-ti

Huehnergard (2013, p. 106)

šumma awīlum warki abīšu ina sūn ummīšu ittatīl, kilallīšunu iqallûšunūti.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 106)

If a man has had intercourse with his mother after the death of his father, they will both be burned.

§ 158

Bergmann (1953, p. 20, col. R X, lns. 24–32)

Law § 158 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 71)

šum-ma a-wi-lum wa-ar-ki a-bi-šu i-na zu-un ra-bi-ti-šu ša mârê wa-al-da-at it-ta-aṣ-ba-at a-wi-lum šu-u i-na bît a-ba in-na-az-za-aḫ

Richardson (2004, p. 90)

šumma awīlum warki abišu ina sūn rabītišu²⁷⁷ ša mārī waldat ittaṣbat, awīlum šû ina bīt abim innassaḫ

Richardson (2004, p. 91)

If, after the death of his father, a man is caught copulating with his principal wife who has born sons, that man shall be disinherited by his father's household.

§ 159

Bergmann (1953, p. 20, col. R X, lns. 33–46)

Law § 159 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 383)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ša a-na É e-mi-šu bi-ib-lam ú-ša-bi-lu ter-ḫa-tam id-di-nu a-na MUNUS ša-ni-tim up-ta-al-li-is-ma a-na e-mi-šu DUMU.MUNUS-ka ú-ul a-ḫa-az iq-ta-bi a-bi DUMU.MUNUS mi-im-ma ša ib-ba-ab-lu-šum i-tab-ba-al

Huehnergard (2013, p. 101)

šumma awīlum ša ana bīt emīšu biblam ušābilu terḫatam iddinu ana sinništim šanītim uptallis-ma ana emīšu “māratka ul aḫḫaz” iqtabi, abi mārtim mimma ša ibbablūšum itabbal.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 101)

If a man who had dispatched a marriage-gift to his father-in-law’s estate and given the bride-price has become attracted to another woman and said to his father-in-law “I will not marry your daughter,” the daughter’s father will keep for himself whatever was brought to him.

§ 160

Bergmann (1953, p. 20, col. R X, lns. 47–59)

Law § 160 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 124)

šum-ma a-wi-lum a-na É e-mi-im bi-ib-lam ú-ša-bi-il ter-ḫa-tam id-di-in-ma a-bi DUMU.MUNUS DUMU.MUNUS-i ú-ul a-na-ad-di-ik-kum iq-ta-bi mi-im-ma ma-la ib-ba-ab-lu-šum uš-ta-ša-an-na-ma ú-ta-ar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 124)

šumma awīlum ana bīt emim biblam ušābil, terḫatam iddimma, abi mārtim “mārtī ul anaddikkum” iqtabi, mimma mala ibbablūšum uštašannā-ma utār.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 125)

If a man sent a marriage-gift to his father-in-law’s house, gave a bride-price, but the father of the daughter has said “I will not give you my daughter,” he will return twice what was brought to him.

§ 161

Bergmann (1953, p. 20, col. R X, lns. 60–77)

Law § 161 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 124)

šum-ma a-wi-lum a-na É e-mi-šu bi-ib-lam ú-ša-bíl ter-ḫa-tam id-di-in-ma i-bi-ir-šu uk-tar-ri-sú e-mu-šu a-na be-el aš-ša-tim DUMU.MUNUS-i ú-ul ta-aḫ-ḫa-az iq-ta-bi mi-im-ma ma-la ib-ba-ab-lu-šum uš-ta-ša-an-na-ma ú-ta-ar ù aš-ša-sú i-bi-ir-šu ú-ul i-iḫ-ḫa-az

Huehnergard (2013, p. 124–125)

šumma awīlum ana bīt emīšu biblam ušābil, terḫatam iddim-ma, ibiršu uktarrissu, emūšu ana bēl aššatim “mārtī ul taḫḫaz” iqtabi, mimma mala ibbablūšum uštašannā-ma utār; u aššassu ibiršu ul iḫḫaz.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 125)

If a man sent a marriage-gift to his father-in-law’s house, gave a bride-price, and then his colleague has slandered him (and) his father-in-law has said to the wife’s lord “you will not marry my daughter,” he will return twice what was brought to him; and his colleague will not marry his wife.

§ 162

Bergmann (1953, p. 20, col. R X–R XI, lns. 78–83; 1–6)

Law § 162 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

šum-ma a-wi-lum aš-ša-tam i-ḫu-uz DUMU.MEŠ ú-li-súm-ma MUNUS ši-i a-na ši-im-tim it-ta-la-ak a-na še-ri-ik-ti-ša a-bu-ša ú-ul i-ra-ag-gu-um še-ri-ik-ta-ša ša DUMU.MEŠ ša-ma

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

šumma awīlum aššatam īḫuz, mārī ulissum-ma sinništum šī ana šīmtim ittalak, ana šeriktīša abūša ul iraggum; šeriktaša ša mārīšā-ma.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

If a man married a wife, she bore him children, and then that woman has passed on, her father will not lay claim to her dowry; her dowry belongs to her children alone.

§ 163

Bergmann (1953, p. 20, col. R XI, lns. 7–23)

Law § 163 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

šum-ma a-wi-lum aš-ša-tam i-ḫu-uz-ma DUMU.MEŠ la ú-šar-ši-šu MUNUS ši-i a-na ši-im-tim it-ta-la-ak šum-ma ter-ḫa-tam ša a-wi-lum šu-ú a-na É e-mi-šu ub-lu e-mu-šu ut-te-er-šum a-na še-ri-ik-ti MUNUS šu-a-ti mu-sà ú-ul i-ra-ag-gu-um še-ri-ik-ta-ša ša É a-bi-ša-ma

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

šumma awīlum aššatam īḫuz-ma mārī lā ušaršīšu, sinništum šī ana šīmtim ittalak, šumma terḫatam ša awīlum šū ana bīt emīšu ublu emūšu uttēršum, ana šerikti sinništim šuāti mussa ul iraggum; šeriktaša ša bīt abīšā-ma.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

If a man married a wife but she did not cause him to get children, (and) that woman has passed on, if his father-in-law has returned to him the bride-price that that man brought to his father-in-law’s house, her husband will not lay claim to the dowry of that woman; her dowry belongs to her father’s house alone.

§ 164

Bergmann (1953, p. 20, col. R XI, lns. 24–32)

Law § 164 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 73)

šum-ma e-mu-šu tir-ḫa-tam la ut-te-ir-šum i-na še-ri-iḳ-ti-ša ma-la tir-ḫa-ti-ša i-ḫar-ra-aṣ-ma še-ri-iḳ-ta-ša a-na bît a-ta(=bi)-ša u-ta-ar

Richardson (2004, p. 92)

šumma emušu terḫatam la uttēršum, ina šeriktiša mala terḫatiša iḫarraṣma šeriktaša ana bīt abiša²⁹¹ utâr.

Richardson (2004, p. 93)

If his father-in-law has not returned the bride-price, he shall subtract from the dowry the amount of the bride-price. He shall return her dowry to her father's house.

§ 165

Bergmann (1953, p. 21, col. R XI, lns. 33–50)

Law § 165 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 106–107)

šum-ma a-wi-lum a-na IBILA-šu ša i-in-šu maḫ-ru A.ŠÀ ^gišKIRI₆ ù É iš-ru-uk ku-nu-kam iš-ṭur-šum wa-ar-ka a-bu-um a-na ši-im-tim it-ta-al-ku i-nu-ma aḫ-ḫu i-zu-uz-zu qí-iš-ti a-bu-um id-di-nu-šum i-le-qé-ma e-le-nu-um-ma i-na NÍG.GA É A.BA mi-it-ḫa-ri-iš i-zu-uz-zu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 107)

šumma awīlum ana aplīšu ša īššu maḫru eqlam kiriam ū bītam išruk kunukkam išṭuršum, warka abum ana šīmtim ittalku inūma aḫḫū izuzzū qīšti abum iddinūšum ileqqē-ma elēnum-ma ina makkūr bīt abim mitḫāriš izuzzū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 107)

If a man gave a field, an orchard, or a house to his heir who pleased him and wrote out a sealed document for him, after the father has gone to his fate, when the brothers take shares, he will take the bequest his father gave him and in addition they will divide the property of the father’s estate equally.

§ 166

Bergmann (1953, p. 21, col. R XI, lns. 51–73)

Law § 166 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 107)

šum-ma a-wi-lum a-na DUMU.MEŠ ša ir-šu-ú aš-ša-tim i-ḫu-uz a-na DUMU-šu ṣe-eḫ-ri-im aš-ša-tam la i-ḫu-uz wa-ar-ka a-bu-um a-na ši-im-tim it-ta-al-ku i-nu-ma aḫ-ḫu i-zu-uz-zu i-na NÍG.GA É A.BA a-na a-ḫi-šu-nu ṣe-eḫ-ri-im ša aš-ša-tam la aḫ-zu e-li-a-at zi-it-ti-šu KUG.BABBAR ter-ḫa-tim i-ša-ak-ka-nu-šum-ma aš-ša-tam ú-ša-aḫ-ḫa-zu-šu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 107)

šumma awīlum ana mārī ša iršû aššātim īḫuz ana mārīšu ṣeḫrim aššatam lā īḫuz warka abum ana šīmtim ittalku inūma aḫḫū izuzzū ina makkūr bīt abim ana aḫīšunu ṣeḫrim ša aššatam lā aḫzu eliāt zīttīšu kasap terḫatim išakkanūšum-ma aššatam ušaḫḫazūšu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 107)

If a man got wives for the sons he had (but) did not get a wife for his youngest son, after the father has gone to his fate, when the brothers take shares, they will set up out of the father’s property bride-price silver as an additional sum to his share for their young brother who does not have a wife, and obtain a wife for him.

§ 167

Bergmann (1953, p. 21, col. R XI–XII, lns. 74–87; 1–8)

Law § 167 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 178)

šum-ma a-wi-lum aš-ša-tam i-ḫu-uz-ma DUMU.MEŠ ú-li-súm MUNUS ši-i a-na ši-im-tim it-ta-la-ak wa-ar-ki-ša MUNUS ša-ni-tam i-ta-ḫa-az-ma DUMU.MEŠ it-ta-la-ad wa-ar-ka«-nu-um» a-bu-um a-na ši-im-tim it-ta-al-ku DUMU.MEŠ a-na um-ma-tim ú-ul i-zu-uz-zu še-ri-ik-ti um-ma-ti-šu-nu i-le-qú-ma NÍG.GA É A.BA mi-it-ḫa-ri-iš i-zu-uz-zu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 37)

šumma awīlum aššatam īḫuz-ma mārī ulissum, sinništum šī ana šīmtim ittalak, warkīša sinništam šanītam ītaḫaz-ma mārī ittalad, warka abum ana šīmtim ittalku, mārū ana ummātim ul izuzzū; šerikti ummātīšunu ileqqû-ma makkūr bīt abim mitḫāriš izuzzū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 37–38)

If a man married a wife and she bore him children, (and) that woman has passed on, and after her (death) he has married another woman and she has born children, after the father has passed on the children will not share according to the mothers; they will receive their mothers’ dowry, but they will share the property of the father’s estate equally.

§ 168

Bergmann (1953, p. 21, col. R XII, lns. 9–24)

Law § 168 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 89)

šum-ma a-wi-lum a-na DUMU-šu na-sa-ḫi-im pa-nam iš-ta-ka-an a-na da-a-a-ni DUMU-i a-na-sà-aḫ iq-ta-bi da-a-a-nu wa-ar-ka-sú i-pár-ra-su-ma šum-ma DUMU ar-nam kab-tam ša i-na ap-lu-tim na-sa-ḫi-im la ub-lam a-bu-um DUMU-šu i-na ap-lu-tim ú-ul i-na-sà-aḫ

Huehnergard (2013, p. 89)

šumma awīlum ana mārīšu nasāhim pānam ištakan, ana dayyānī “mārī anassaḫ” iqtabi, dayyānū warkassu iparrasū-ma šumma mārum arnam kabtam ša ina aplūtim nasāḫim lā ublam, abum mār(ā)šu ina aplūtim ul inassaḫ.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 89)

If a man has decided to disinherit his son, has said to the judges, “I will disinherit my son,” the judges will investigate his circumstances and if the son has not committed (lit., brought) a crime serious enough for disinheriting, the father will not disinherit his son.

§ 169

Bergmann (1953, p. 21, col. R XII, lns. 25–37)

Law § 169 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 75)

šum-ma ar-nam kab-tam ša i-na ab-lu-tim na-sa-ḫi-im a-na a-bi-šu it-ba-lam a-na iš-ti-iš-šu pa-ni-šu ub-ba-lu šum-ma ar-nam kab-tam a-di ši-ni-šu it-ba-lam a-bu-um mâri-šu i-na ab-lu-tim i-na-za-aḫ

Richardson (2004, p. 94)

šumma arnam kabtam ša ina aplūtim nasāḫim ana abišu itbalam ana ištiššu panīšu ubbalū. šumma arnam kabtam adi šinīšu itbalam abum mārašu ina aplūtim inassaḫ.

Richardson (2004, p. 95)

If he has committed an offence against his father serious enough to be disinherited, on the first occasion they will turn a blind eye. If he has committed an offence for a second time the father shall disinherit his son.

§ 170

Bergmann (1953, p. 21–22, col. R XII, lns. 38–60)

Law § 170 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 291)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ḫi-ir-ta-šu DUMU.MEŠ ú-li-súm ù GEME₂-sú DUMU.MEŠ ú-li-súm a-bu-um i-na bu-ul-ṭì-šu a-na DUMU.MEŠ ša GEME₂ ul-du-šum DUMU.MEŠ-ú-a iq-ta-bi it-ti DUMU.MEŠ ḫi-ir-tim im-ta-nu-šu-nu-ti wa-ar-ka a-bu-um a-na ši-im-tim it-ta-al-ku i-na NÍG.GA É A.BA DUMU.MEŠ ḫi-ir-tim ù DUMU.MEŠ GEME₂ mi-it-ḫa-ri-iš i-zu-uz-zu IBILA DUMU ḫi-ir-tim i-na zi-it-tim i-na-sà-aq-ma i-le-qé

Huehnergard (2013, p. 69)

šumma awīlum ḫīrtašu mārī ulissum u amassu mārī ulissum, abum ina bulṭīšu ana mārī ša amtum uldūšum “mārūya” iqtabi, itti mārī ḫīrtim imtanūšunūti; warka abum ana šīmtim ittalku ina makkūr bīt abim mārū ḫīrtim u mārū amtim mitḫāriš izuzzū; aplum mār(i) ḫīrtim ina zīttim inassaq-ma ileqqe.

Richardson (2004, p. 69)

If a man’s wife bore him children and his slave bore him children, (and) the father during his life said to the children that the slave bore him, “my children,” he has included them with the children of the wife; after the father has passed on, the children of the wife and the children of the slave will share in the property of the paternal estate equally; the chief heir of the wife will take first choice of the inheritance.

§ 171

Bergmann (1953, p. 22, col. R XII–XIII, lns. 61–89; 1–5)

Law § 171 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 291)

ù šum-ma a-bu-um i-na bu-ul-ṭì-šu a-na DUMU.MEŠ ša GEME₂ ul-du-šum DUMU.MEŠ-ú-a la iq-ta-bi wa-ar-ka a-bu-um a-na ši-im-tim it-ta-al-ku i-na NÍG.GA É A.BA DUMU.MEŠ GEME₂ it-ti DUMU.MEŠ ḫi-ir-tim ú-ul i-zu-uz-zu an-du-ra-ar GEME₂ ù DUMU.MEŠ-ša iš-ša!(TA)-ak-ka-an DUMU.MEŠ ḫi-ir-tim a-na DUMU.MEŠ GEME₂ a-na wa-ar-du-tim ú-ul i-ra-ag-gu-mu ḫi-ir-tum še-ri-ik-ta-ša ù nu-du-na-am ša mu-sà id-di-nu-ši-im i-na DUB-pí-im iš-ṭú-ru-ši-im i-le-qé-ma i-na šu-ba-at mu-ti-ša uš-ša-ab a-di ba-al-ṭa-at i-ik-ka-al a-na KUG.BABBAR ú-ul i-na-ad-di-in wa-ar-ka-sà ša DUMU.MEŠ-ša-ma

Huehnergard (2013, p. 69)

u šumma abum ina bulṭīšu ana mārī ša amtum uldūšum “mārūya” lā iqtabi, warka abum ana šīmtim ittalku ina makkūr bīt abim mārū amtim itti mārī ḫīrtim ul izuzzū; andurār amtim u mārīša iššakkan; mārū ḫīrtim ana mārī amtim ana wardūtim ul iraggumū; ḫīrtum šeriktaša u nudunnâm ša mussa iddinūšim ina ṭuppim išṭurūšim ileqqē-ma ina šubat mutīša uššab; adi balṭat ikkal; ana kaspim ul inaddin; warkassa ša mārīšā-ma.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 69)

But if the father during his life did not say to the children that the slave bore him, “my children,” after the father has passed on, the children of the slave will not share with the children of the wife in the property of the paternal estate; the freedom of the slave and her children will be established; the children of the wife may not claim the children of the slave for slavery; the wife will take her dowry and the wedding gift that her husband gave her (and) registered in a document for her, and live in her husband’s residence; she may use (it) as long as she is alive, (but) may not sell (it); her inheritance is her children’s only.

§ 172

Bergmann (1953, p. 22, col. R XIII, lns. 6–40)

Law § 172 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 76f.)

šum-ma mu-za nu-du-un-na-am la id-di-iš-ši-im še-ri-iḳ-ta-ša u-ša-la-mu-ši-im-ma i-na ŠA.GA bît mu-ti-ša ṣi-it-tam ki-ma ablim iš-te-en i-li-ḳi šum-ma mârê-ša aš-šum i-na bîtim šu-zi-im u-za-aḫ-ḫa-mu-ši da-a-a-nu wa-ar-ka-za i-par-ra-su-ma mârê ar-nam i-im-mi-du zinništum ši-i i-na bît mu-ti-ša u-ul uz-zi šum-ma zinništum ši-i a-na wa-ṣi-im pa-ni-ša iš-ta-ka-an nu-du-un-na-am ša mu-za id-di-nu-ši-im a-na mârê-ša i-iz-zi-ib še-ri-iḳ-tam ša bît a-bi-ša i-li-ḳi-ma mu-ut li-ib-bi-ša i-iḫ-ḫa-az-zi

Richardson (2004, p. 96)

šumma mussa nudunnâm la iddiššim, šeriktaša ušallamūšimma ina makkūr bīt mutiša zittam kīma aplim ištēn ileqqe. šumma mārūša aššum ina bītim šūṣîm usaḫḫamūši, dayyānū warkassa iparrasūma mārī arnam immidū. sinništum šî ina bīt mutiša ul uṣṣi šumma sinništum šî ana waṣêm panīša ištakan nudunnâm ša mussa iddinušim ana mārīša izzib. šeriktam ša bīt abiša ileqqēma. mut libbiša iḫḫassi.

Richardson (2004, p. 97)

If her husband did not give her a wedding gift, they shall restore to her a dowry and she shall take the same share as a single heir from the property in the house of her husband. If her sons begin to pester her to make her leave the house, the judges shall make the decisions about her affairs and the sons shall bear the blame. That woman does not have to leave her husband's house. If that woman has made the decision to leave, she shall leave the gift her husband gave her for her sons. She shall take the dowry from her father's house. She shall choose a husband she likes.

§ 173

Bergmann (1953, p. 22, col. R XIII, lns. 41–50)

Law § 173 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

šum-ma MUNUS ši-i a-šar i-ru-bu a-na mu-ti-ša wa-ar-ki-im DUMU.MEŠ it-ta-la-ad wa-ar-ka MUNUS ši-i im-tu-ut še-ri-ik-ta-ša DUMU.MEŠ maḫ-ru-tum ù wa-ar-ku-tum i-zu-uz-zu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

šumma sinništum šī ašar īrubu ana mutīša warkîm mārī ittalad, warka sinništum šī imtūt šeriktaša mārū maḫrûtum u warkûtum izuzzū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 84)

If that woman, wherever she entered, has born children to her later husband, after that woman has died, her earlier and later children will share her dowry.

§ 174

Bergmann (1953, p. 22–23, col. R XIII, lns. 51–56)

Law § 174 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

šum-ma a-na mu-ti-ša wa-ar-ki-im DUMU.MEŠ la it-ta-la-ad še-ri-ik-ta-ša DUMU.MEŠ ḫa-wi-ri-ša-ma i-le-qú-ú

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

šumma ana mutīša warkîm mārī lā ittalad, šeriktaša mārū ḫāwirīšā-ma ileqqû.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 84)

If she has not born children to her later husband, only the children of her first husband will get her dowry.

§ 175

Bergmann (1953, p. 23, col. R XIII, lns. 57–68)

Law § 175 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 44)

šum-ma lu ÌR É.GAL ù lu ÌR MAŠ.EN.GAG DUMU.MUNUS a-wi-lim i-ḫu-uz-ma DUMU.MEŠ it-ta-la-ad be-el ÌR a-na DUMU.MEŠ DUMU.MUNUS a-wi-lim a-na wa-ar-du-tim ú-ul i-ra-ag-gu-um

Huehnergard (2013, p. 44)

šumma lū warad ekallim ū lū warad muškēnim mārat awīlim īḫuz-ma mārī ittalad bēl wardim ana mārī mārat awīlim ana wardūtim ul iraggum.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 44)

If a palace slave or a muškēnum’s slave married an awīlum’s daughter and she has borne children, the slave’s owner will not lay claim to the children of the awīlum’s daughter for slavery.

§ 176

Bergmann (1953, p. 23, col. R XIII–XIV, lns. 69–92; 1–21)

Law § 176 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 384)

ù šum-ma ÌR É.GAL ù lu ÌR MAŠ.EN.GAG DUMU.MUNUS a-wi-lim i-ḫu-uz-ma i-nu-ma i-ḫu-zu-ši qá-du-um še-ri-ik-tim ša É a-bi-ša a-na É ÌR É.GAL ù lu ÌR MAŠ.EN.GAG i-ru-ub-ma iš-tu in-ne-em-du É i-pu-šu bi-ša-am ir-šu-ú wa-ar-ka-nu-um-ma lu ÌR É.GAL ù lu ÌR MAŠ.EN.GAG a-na ši-im-tim it-ta-la-ak DUMU.MUNUS a-wi-lim še-ri-ik-ta-ša i-le-qé ù mi-im-ma ša mu-sà ù ši-i iš-tu in-ne-em-du ir-šu-ú a-na ši-ni-šu i-zu-uz-zu-ma mi-iš-lam be-el ÌR i-le-qé mi-iš-lam DUMU.MUNUS a-wi-lim a-na DUMU.MEŠ-ša i-le-qé

Huehnergard (2013, p. 101)

u šumma warad ekallim ū lū warad muškēnim mārat awīlim īḫuz-ma inūma īḫuzūši qadum šeriktim ša bīt abīša ana bīt warad ekallim ū lū warad muškēnim īrum-ma ištu innemdū bītam īpušū bīšam iršû warkānum-ma lū warad ekallim ū lū warad muškēnim ana šīmtim ittalak mārat awīlim šeriktaša ileqqe; u mimma ša mussa u šī ištu innemdū iršû ana šinīšu izuzzū-ma mišlam bēl wardim ileqqe mišlam mārat awīlim ana mārīša ileqqe.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 101)

And if a palace slave or a muškēnum’s slave married a daughter of an awīlum and when he married her she entered the house of the palace slave or muškēnum’s slave with a dowry from (lit., of) her father’s estate and afterward, after they were joined, made a home, (and) acquired property, the palace slave or the muškēnum’s slave passed on, the awīlum’s daughter will receive her dowry; further, whatever her husband and she acquired after they were joined will be divided in two, and the slave’s owner will receive half (and) the awīlum’s daughter will receive half for her children.

§ 177

Bergmann (1953, p. 23, col. R XIV, lns. 22–60)

Law § 177 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 351)

šum-ma NU.MU.SU ša DUMU.MEŠ-ša ṣe-eḫ-ḫe-ru a-na É ša-ni-im e-re-bi-im pa-ni-ša iš-ta-ka-an ba-lum da-a-a-ni ú-ul i-ir-ru-ub i-nu-ma a-na É ša-ni-im i-ir-ru-bu da-a-a-nu wa-ar-ka-at É mu-ti-ša pa-ni-im i-pár-ra-su-ma É ša mu-ti-ša pa-ni-im a-na mu-ti-ša wa-ar-ki-im ù MUNUS šu-a-ti i-pa-aq-qí-du-ma DUB-pa-am ú-še-ez-ze-bu-šu-nu-ti É i-na-ṣa-ru ù ṣe-eḫ-ḫe-ru-tim ú-ra-ab-bu-ú ú-ni-a-tim a-na KUG.BABBAR ú-ul i-na-ad-di-nu ša-a-a-ma-nu-um ša ú-nu-ut DUMU.MEŠ NU.MU.SU i-ša-am-mu i-na KUG.BABBAR-šu i-te-el-li NÍG.GA a-na be-lí-šu i-ta-ar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 88)

šumma almattum ša mārūša ṣeḫḫerū ana bīt(im) šanîm erēbim pānīša ištakan, balum dayyānī ul irrub; inūma ana bīt(im) šanîm irrubu, dayyānū warkat bīt mutīša pānîm iparrasū-ma bītam ša mutīša pānîm ana mutīša warkîm u sinništim šuāti ipaqqidū-ma ṭuppam ušezzebūšunūti; bītam inaṣṣarū u ṣeḫḫerūtim urabbû; uniātim ana kaspim ul inaddinū; šayyāmānum ša unūt mārī almattim išammu ina kaspīšu ītelli; makkūrum ana bēlīšu itâr.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 88)

If a widow whose children are very young has decided to enter the house of another man, she will not enter without the consent of the judges; when she enters the house of another man, the judges will investigate the circumstances of her previous husband’s estate, and assign the estate of her previous husband to her future husband and that woman, and have them make out a document; they will look after the estate and raise the young children; they will not sell the furnishings; the buyer who buys the furnishings of the widow’s children will forfeit his silver; the property will return to its owner.

§ 178

Bergmann (1953, p. 23–24, col. R XIV–XV, lns. 61–92; 1–19)

Law § 178 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 80)

šum-ma NIN.AN ŠAL(?) u lu zinništum zi-ik-ru-um ša a-bu-ša še-ri-iḳ-tam iš-ru-ḳu-ši-im dup-pa-am iš-tu-ru-ši-im i-na dup-pi-im ša iš-tu-ru-ši-im wa-ar-ka-za e-ma e-li-ša ṭa-bu na-da-nam la iš-tur-ši-im-ma ma-la li-ib-bi-ša la u-ša-am-zi-ši wa-ar-ka a-bu-um a-na ši-im-tim it-ta-al-ku eḳil-ša u kirâ-ša aḫ-ḫu-ša i-li-ḳu-ma ki-ma e-mu-uḳ zi-it-ti-ša ŠE.BA NI.BA u ŠIG.BA i-na-ad-di-nu-šim-ma li-ib-ba-ša u-ṭa-ab-bu šum-ma aḫ-ḫu-ša ki-ma e-mu-uḳ zi-it-ti-ša ŠE.BA NI.BA u ŠIG.BA la it-ta-ad-nu-ši-im-ma li-ib-ba-ša la uṭ-ṭi-ib-bu eḳil-ša u kirâ-ša a-na ir-ri-ši-im ša e-li-ša ṭa-bu i-na-ad-di-in-ma ir-ri-za it-ta-na-aš-ši-ši eḳlam kirâm u mi-im-ma ša a-bu-ša id-di-nu-ši-im a-di ba-al-ṭa-at i-kal a-na kaspim u-ul i-na-ad-di-in ša-ni-a-am u-ul u-up-pa-al ab-lu-za ša aḫ-ḫi-ša-ma

Richardson (2004, p. 98)

šumma ugbabtum nadītum u lu sekretum ša abuša šeriktam išrukušim ṭuppam išṭurušim ina ṭuppim ša išṭurušim warkassa ēma eliša ṭabu nadānam la išṭuršimma mala libbiša la ušamṣīši warka abum ana šīmtim ittalku eqelša u kirāša aḫḫūša ileqqûma kīma emūq zittiša ipram piššatam u lubūšam inaddinūšimma libbaša uṭabbū. šumma aḫḫūša kīma emūq zittiša ipram piššatam u lubūšam la ittadnūšimma libbaša la uṭṭibbū, eqelša u kirāša ana errēšim ša eliša ṭābu inaddinma errēssa ittanaššīši eqlam kirâm u mimma ša abuša iddinušim adi balṭat ikkal. ana kaspim ul inaddin. šaniam ul uppal. aplūssa ša aḫḫīšama.

Richardson (2004, p. 99)

If the father of a priestess or a temple-woman or a devotee has presented her with a dowry and written out a document for her but has not written on that document that she may dispose of her property in the way she thinks best or that he has empowered her to do what she likes, after he has passed to his destiny her brothers shall take the field or the orchard and make her comfortable by giving her food, oil and garments according to the size of her share. If her brothers have not made her comfortable by giving her food, oil and clothing according to the size of her share, she shall give her field or her orchard to a farmer she favours and he shall do the cultivation, and he shall support her. She shall enjoy the field, the orchard or anything else her father has given her as long as she lives. She shall not sell it for silver or become responsible to anyone else. Her inheritance belongs to her brothers.

§ 179

Bergmann (1953, p. 24, col. R XV, lns. 20–42)

Law § 179 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 73)

šum-ma NIN.DINGIR LUKUR ù lu sekretum (^míZI.IK.RU.UM) ša a-bu-ša še-ri-ik-tam iš-ru-ku-ši-im ku-nu-kam iš-ṭú-ru-ši-im i-na DUB-pí-im ša iš-ṭú-ru-ši-im wa-ar-ka-sà e-ma e-li-ša ṭa-bu na-da-nam iš-ṭur-ši-im-ma ma-la li-ib-bi-ša uš-tam-ṣí-ši wa-ar-ka a-bu-um a-na ši-im-tim it-ta-al-ku wa-ar-ka-sà e-ma e-li-ša ṭa-bu i-na-ad-di-in aḫ-ḫu-ša ú-ul i-ba-aq-qá-ru-ši

Huehnergard (2013, p. 73)

šumma entum nadītum ū lū sekretum ša abūša šeriktam išrukūšim kunukkam išṭurūšim ina ṭuppim ša išṭurūšim warkassa ēma elīša ṭābu nadānam išṭuršim-ma mala libbīša uštamṣīši, warka abum ana šīmtim ittalku warkassa ēma elīša ṭābu inaddin; aḫḫūša ul ibaqqarūši.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 74)

If an entum, nadītum, or sekretum whose father gave her a dowry and wrote (it on) a tablet for her, (and) in the tablet that he wrote for her he wrote for her to give her inheritance wherever was pleasing to her, and gave her full discretion, after the father has passed on, she may give her inheritance wherever it is pleasing to her; her brothers will not sue her.

§ 180

Bergmann (1953, p. 24, col. R XV, lns. 43–59)

Law § 180 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 70)

šum-ma a-bu-um a-na DUMU.MUNUS-šu LUKUR É.GI₄.A ù lu sekretim (^míZI.IK.RU.UM) še-ri-ik-tam la iš--uk-ši-im wa-ar-ka a-bu-um a-na ši-im-tim it-ta-al-ku i-na NÍG.GA É A.BA zí-it-tam ki-ma ap-lim iš-te-en i-za-az-ma a-di ba-al-ṭa-at i-ik-ka-al wa-ar-ka-sà ša aḫ-ḫi-ša-ma

Huehnergard (2013, p. 70)

šumma abum ana mārtīšu nadītim kallatim ū lū sekretim šeriktam lā išrukšim, warka abum ana šīmtim ittalku ina makkūr bīt abim zīttam kīma aplim ištēn izâz-ma adi balṭat ikkal; warkassa ša aḫḫīšā-ma.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 70)

If a father did not give a dowry to his daughter, a nadītum, a bride, or a sekretum, after the father has passed on, she will share in the property of the paternal estate like an individual heir and use (it) as long as she is alive; her inheritance belongs to her brothers only.

§ 181

Bergmann (1953, p. 24, col. R XV, lns. 60–75)

Law § 181 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 81)

šum-ma a-bu-um ^šal?ḳadištam u lu NU.PAR a-na ilim iš-ši-ma še-ri-iḳ-tam la iš-ru-uḳ-ši-im wa-ar-ka a-bu-um a-na ši-im-tim it-ta-al-ku i-na ŠA.GA bît a-ba IGI.III.GAL ablûti-ša i-za-az-ma a-di ba-al-ṭa-at i-ik-ka-al wa-ar-ka-za ša aḫ-ḫi-ša-ma

Richardson (2004, p. 100)

šumma abum nadītam qadištam u lu kulmašitam ana ilim iššīma šeriktam la išrukšim warka abum ana šīmtim ittalku, ina makkūr bīt abim šalušti aplūtiša izâzma adi balṭat ikkal. warkassa ša aḫḫīšama.

Richardson (2004, p. 101)

If the father has offered to the god a temple-woman, a holy-woman or a nun but has not given her a dowry, after the father has passed to his destiny she shall have one-third of an heir's share from the wealth of her father's house and she shall enjoy it as long as she lives. Her affairs belong to her brothers.

§ 182

Bergmann (1953, p. 25, col. R XV–XVI, lns. 76–96; 1)

Law § 182 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 292)

šum-ma a-bu-um a-na DUMU.MUNUS-šu LUKUR ^dAMAR.UTU ša KÁ!(É).DINGIR.RA^ki še-ri-ik-tam la iš-ru-uk-ši-im ku-nu-kam la iš-ṭur-ši-im wa-ar-ka a-bu-um a-na ši-im-tim it-ta-al-ku i-na NÍG.GA É A.BA IGI.3.GÁL IBILA-ša it-ti aḫ-ḫi-ša i-za-az-ma il-kam ú-ul i-il-la-ak LUKUR ^dAMAR.UTU wa-ar-ka-sà e-ma e-li-ša ṭa-bu i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 69)

šumma abum ana mārtīšu nadīt Marduk ša Bābilim šeriktam lā išrukšim kunukkam lā išṭuršim, warka abum ana šīmtim ittalku ina makkūr bīt abim šalušti aplūtīša itti aḫḫīša izâz-ma ilkam ul illak; nadīt Marduk warkassa ēma elīša ṭābu inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 69)

If a father did not give a dowry to his daughter, a nadītum of Marduk of Babylon and record (it) in a document for her, after the father has passed on, she receives as her share of the property of the paternal estate her one-third inheritance along with her brothers, but she will perform no ilkum service; a nadītum of Marduk may give her inheritance wherever it is pleasing to her.

§ 183

Bergmann (1953, p. 25, col. R XVI, lns. 2–14)

Law § 183 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 178)

šum-ma a-bu-um a-na DUMU.MUNUS-šu šu-gi₄-tim še-ri-ik-tam iš-ru-uk-ši-im a-na mu-tim id-di-iš-ši ku-nu-uk-kam iš-ṭur-ši-im wa-ar-ka a-bu-um a-na ši-im-tim it-ta-al-ku i-na NÍG.GA É A.BA ú-ul i-za-az

Huehnergard (2013, p. 38)

šumma abum ana mārtīšu šugītim šeriktam išrukšim ana mutim iddišši kunukkam išṭuršim, warka abum ana šīmtim ittalku ina makkūr bīt abim ul izâz.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 38)

If a father presented a dowry to his daughter, a junior wife, gave her to a husband, (and) inscribed a sealed document for her, after the father has passed on, she will not share in the property of the father’s estate.

§ 184

Bergmann (1953, p. 25, col. R XVI, lns. 15–30)

Law § 184 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 292)

šum-ma a-wi-lum a-na DUMU.MUNUS-šu šu-gi₄-tim še-ri-ik-tam la iš-ru-uk-šim a-na mu-tim la id-di-iš-ši wa-ar-ka a-bu-um a-na ši-im-tim it-ta-al-ku aḫ-ḫu-ša ki-ma e-mu-uq É A.BA še-ri-ik-tam i-šar-ra-ku-ši-im-ma a-na mu-tim i-na-ad-di-nu-ši

Huehnergard (2013, p. 69)

šumma awīlum ana mārtīšu šugītim šeriktam lā išrukšim ana mutim lā iddišši, warka abum ana šīmtim ittalku aḫḫūša kīma emūq bīt abim šeriktam išarrakūšim-ma ana mutim inaddinūši.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 69)

If a man did not give a dowry to his daughter, a junior wife, and did not give her to a husband, after the father has passed on, her brothers will give her a dowry corresponding to the value of the paternal estate, and give her to a husband.

§ 185

Bergmann (1953, p. 25, col. R XVI, lns. 31–38)

Law § 185 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 453)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ṣe-eḫ-ra-am i-na me-e-šu a-na ma-ru-tim il-qé-ma úr-ta-ab-bi-šu tar-bi-tum ši-i ú-ul ib-ba-aq-qar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 129)

šumma awīlum ṣeḫram ina mêšu ana mārūtim ilqē-ma urtabbīšu, tarbītum šī ul ibbaqqar.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 129)

If a man adopted a baby at birth and has raised it, that offspring will not be (re-)claimed.

§ 186

Bergmann (1953, p. 25, col. R XVI, lns. 39–49)

Law § 186 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 453)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ṣe-eḫ-ra-am a-na ma-ru-tim il-qé i-nu-ma il-qú-ú-šu a-ba-šu ù um-ma-šu i-ḫi-a-aṭ tar-bi-tum ši-i a-na É a-bi-šu i-ta-ar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 129)

šumma awīlum ṣeḫram ana mārūtim ilqe, inūma ilqûšu abāšu u ummašu iḫīaṭ, tarbītum šī ana bīt abīšu itâr.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 129)

If a man adopted a baby but after he has adopted it it looks for its (biological) father and mother, that offspring may return to its (biological) family.

§ 187

Bergmann (1953, p. 25, col. R XVI, lns. 50–53)

Law § 187 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 453)

DUMU gerseqqêm(GÌR.SÌ.GA) mu-za-az É.GAL ù DUMU ^míZI.IK.RU.UM ú-ul ib-ba-aq-qar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 129)

mār gerseqqêm muzzaz ekallim ū mār sekretim ul ibbaqqar.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 129)

The child of a domestic, a palace attendant, or the child of a sekretum will not be (re-)claimed.

§ 188

Bergmann (1953, p. 25, col. R XVI, lns. 54–59)

Law § 188 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 384)

šum-ma DUMU UM.MI.A DUMU a-na tar-bi-tim il-qé-ma ši-pí-ir qá-ti-šu uš-ta-ḫi-sú ú-ul ib-ba-qar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 101)

šumma mār ummiānim māram ana tarbītim ilqē-ma šipir qātīšu uštāḫissu, ul ibbaqqar.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 101)

If a member of a guild adopted a son to raise and has taught him his craft, he will not be contested.

§ 189

Bergmann (1953, p. 25, col. R XVI, lns. 60–64)

Law § 189 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 384)

šum-ma ši-pí-ir qá-ti-šu la uš-ta-ḫi-sú tar-bi-tum ši-i a-na É a-bi-šu i-ta-ar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 101)

šumma šipir qātīšu lā uštāḫissu, tarbītum šī ana bīt abīšu itâr.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 101–102)

If he has not taught him his craft, said adopted child will/may return to his paternal estate.

§ 190

Bergmann (1953, p. 25, col. R XVI, lns. 65–74)

Law § 190 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 264)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ṣe-eḫ-ra-am ša a-na ma-ru-ti-šu il-qú-šu-ma ú-ra-ab-bu-šu it-ti DUMU.MEŠ-šu la im-ta-nu-šu tar-bi-tum ši-i a-na É a-bi-šu i-ta-ar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 59)

šumma awīlum ṣeḫram ša ana mārūtīšu ilqûšū-ma urabbûšu itti mārīšu lā imtanūšu, tarbītum šī ana bīt abīšu itâr.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 59)

If a man did not include among his children a youngster whom he had adopted and raised, that adopted child may return to his father’s house.

§ 191

Bergmann (1953, p. 25–26, col. R XVI, lns. 75–95)

Law § 191 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 415)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ṣe-eḫ-ra-am ša a-na ma-ru-ti-šu il-qú-šu-ma ú-ra-ab-bu-ú-šu É-sú(! BA) i-pu-uš wa-ar-ka DUMU.MEŠ ir-ta-ši-ma a-na tar-bi-tim na-sa-ḫi-im pa-nam iš-ta-ka-an DUMU šu-ú ri-qú-sú ú-ul it-ta-al-la-ak a-bu-um mu-ra-bi-šu i-na NÍG.GA-šu IGI.3.GÁL IBILA-šu i-na-ad-di-iš-šum-ma it-ta-la-ak i-na A.ŠÀ KIRI₆ ù É ú-ul i-na-ad-di-iš-šum

Huehnergard (2013, p. 113)

šumma awīlum ṣeḫram ša ana mārūtīšu ilqûšū-ma urabbûšu bīssu īpuš warka mārī irtašī-ma ana tarbītim nasāḫim pānam ištakan, mārum šū rīqūssu ul ittallak; abum murabbīšu ina makkūrīšu šalušti aplūtīšu inaddiššum-ma ittallak; ina eqlim kirîm u bītim ul inaddiššum.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 113)

If a man set up his household with a boy whom he adopted and raised, and afterwards has acquired sons and decided to remove the foster child, that child will not go off empty-handed; the father who raised him will give him out of his property a third of his inheritance and then he will go away; he will not give him any of the field, orchard, or house.

§ 192

Bergmann (1953, p. 26, col. R XVI–XVII, lns. 96; 1–9)

Law § 192 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 264)

šum-ma DUMU gerseqqêm (GÌR.SÌ.GA) ù lu DUMU sekretim (^míZI.IK.RU.UM) a-na a-bi-im mu-ra-bi-šu ù um-mi-im mu-ra-bi-ti-šu ú-ul a-bi at-ta ú-ul um-mi at-ti iq-ta-bi EME-šu i-na-ak-ki-su

Huehnergard (2013, p. 59)

šumma mār gerseqqêm ū lū mār sekretim ana abim murabbīšu ū ummim murabbītīšu “ul abī atta; ul ummī atti” iqtabi, lišāššu inakkisū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 59)

If a domestic’s son or a sekretum’s son has said to the father who raised him or the mother who raised him, “you are not my father; you are not my mother,” his tongue will be cut off.

§ 193

Bergmann (1953, p. 26, col. R XVII, lns. 10–22)

Law § 193 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 292)

šum-ma DUMU gerseqqêm(GÌR.SÌ.GA) ù lu DUMU sekretim(^míZI.IK.RU.UM) É a-bi-šu ú-we-ed-di-ma a-ba-am mu-ra-bi-šu ù um-ma-am mu-ra-bi-sú i-zé-er-ma a-na É a-bi-šu it-ta-la-ak i-in-šu i-na-sà-ḫu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 69–70)

šumma mār gerseqqêm ū lū mār sekretim bīt abīšu uweddī-ma abam murabbīšu u ummam murabbīssu izēr-ma ana bīt abīšu ittalak, īššu inassaḫū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 70)

If an attendant’s son or a sekretum’s son, having recognized his family and hated the father who raised him and the mother who raised him, has gone to his family, his eye will be pulled out.

§ 194

Bergmann (1953, p. 26, col. R XVII, lns. 23–40)

Law § 194 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 305)

šum-ma a-wi-lum DUMU-šu a-na mu-še-ni-iq-tim id-di-in-ma DUMU šu-ú i-n[a] qá-at mu-še-ni-iq-tim im-tu-ut mu-še-ni-iq-tum ba-lum a-bi-šu ù um-mi-šu DUMU ša-ni-a-am-ma ir-ta-ka-ás ú-ka-an-nu-ši-ma aš-šum ba-lum a-bi-[š]u ù um-mi-š[u] DUMU ša-ni-a-am ir-ku-[s]u tulâ(UBUR)-ša i-na-ak-ki-su

Huehnergard (2013, p. 73)

šumma awīlum mār(ā)šu ana mušēniqtim iddim-ma mārum šū in[a] qāt mušēniqtim imtūt mušēniqtum balum abīšu u ummīšu māram šaniam-ma irtakas, ukannūšī-ma aššum balum abī[š]u u ummīš[u] māram šaniam irku[s]u, tulâša inakkisū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 73)

If a man gave his child to a wet-nurse and that child has died in the care of the wet-nurse, (and) the wet-nurse has attached/contracted another child without the knowledge of its father or mother, she will be convicted and, because she attached/contracted another child without the knowledge of its father or mother, her breast will be cut off.

§ 195

Bergmann (1953, p. 26, col. R XVII, lns. 41–44)

Law § 195 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 165)

šum-ma DUMU a-ba-šu im-ta-ḫa-aṣ ritta (KIŠIB.LÁ)-šu i-na-ak-ki-su

Huehnergard (2013, p. 34)

šumma mārum abāšu imtaḫaṣ rittašu inakkisū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 34)

If a son has struck his father, his hand will be cut off.

§ 196

Bergmann (1953, p. 26, col. R XVII, lns. 45–49)

Law § 196 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 60)

šum-ma a-wi-lum i-in DUMU a-wi-lim úḫ-tap-pí-id i-in-šu ú-ḫa-ap-pa-du

Huehnergard (2013, p. 60)

šumma awīlum īn mār awīlim uḫtappid, īššu uḫappadū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 60)

If a man has blinded the eye of a member of the awīlum class, his eye will be blinded.

§ 197

Bergmann (1953, p. 26, col. R XVII, lns. 50–53)

Law § 197 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 60)

šum-ma GÌR.PAD.DU a-wi-lim iš-te-bé-er GÌR.PAD.DU-šu i-še-eb-bé-ru

Huehnergard (2013, p. 60)

šumma eṣemti awīlim išteber, eṣemtašu išebberū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 60)

If he has broken a man’s bone, his bone will be broken.

§ 198

Bergmann (1953, p. 26, col. R XVII, lns. 54–59)

Law § 198 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 60)

šum-ma i-in MAŠ.EN.GAG úḫ-tap-pí-id ù lu GÌR.PAD.DU MAŠ.EN.GAG iš-te-bé-er 1 MA.NA KUG.BABBAR i-ša-qal

Huehnergard (2013, p. 60)

šumma īn muškēnim uḫtappid ū lū eṣemti muškēnim išteber, ištēn manā kaspam išaqqal.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 60)

If he has blinded a muškēnum’s eye or has broken a muškēnum’s bone, he will weigh out one mina of silver.

§ 199

Bergmann (1953, p. 26, col. R XVII, lns. 60–65)

Law § 199 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 60)

šum-ma i-in ÌR a-wi-lim úḫ-tap-pí-id ù lu GÌR.PAD.DU ÌR a-wi-lim iš-te-bé-er mi-ši-il ŠÁM-šu i-ša-qal

Huehnergard (2013, p. 60)

šumma īn warad awīlim uḫtappid ū lū eṣemti warad awīlim išteber, mišil šīmīšu išaqqal.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 60)

If he has blinded the eye of a man’s slave or has broken the bone of a man’s slave, he will weigh out half his value.

§ 200

Bergmann (1953, p. 26, col. R XVII, lns. 66–70)

Law § 200 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 47)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ši-in-ni a-wi-lim me-eḫ-ri-šu it-ta-di ši-in-na-šu i-na-ad-du-ú

Huehnergard (2013, p. 47)

šumma awīlum šinni awīlim meḫrīšu ittadi, šinnašu inaddû.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 47)

If a man has knocked out the tooth of a man of his own rank, his tooth will be knocked out.

§ 201

Bergmann (1953, p. 26, col. R XVII, lns. 71–74)

Law § 201 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 246)

šum-ma ši-in-ni(!GAG) MAŠ.EN.GAG it-ta-di ŠUŠANA MA.NA KUG.BABBAR i-ša-qal

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

šumma šinni muškēnim ittadi šalušti manā kaspam išaqqal.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

If he has knocked out the tooth of a muškēnum, he will pay out one-third mina of silver.

§ 202

Bergmann (1953, p. 26, col. R XVII, lns. 75–81)

Law § 202 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 369)

šum-ma a-wi-lum le-e-et a-wi-lim ša e-li-šu ra-bu-ú im-ta-ḫa-aṣ i-na pu-úḫ-ri-im i-na qinnāz(^kušUSAN₃) GUD 1 šu-ši im-maḫ-ḫa-aṣ

Huehnergard (2013, p. 95)

šumma awīlum lēt awīlim ša elīšu rabû imtaḫaṣ, ina puḫrim ina qinnāz alpim (ištēn) šūši immaḫḫaṣ.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 95)

If a man has struck the cheek of a man who is of higher rank than he, he will be struck with an ox whip sixty times in the assembly.

§ 203

Bergmann (1953, p. 26–27, col. R XVII, lns. 82–87)

Law § 203 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 87)

šum-ma mâr a-wi-lim li-e-it mâr a-wi-lim ša ki-ma šu-a-ti im-ta-ḫa-as I ma-na kaspim i-ša-kal

Richardson (2004, p. 104)

šumma mār awīlim lēt mār awīlim ša kīma šuāti imtaḫaṣ 1 mana kaspam išaqqal.

Richardson (2004, p. 105)

If one man has struck the cheek of another such man of similar status, he shall pay one mana of silver.

§ 204

Bergmann (1953, p. 27, col. R XVII, lns. 88–91)

Law § 204 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

šum-ma MAŠ.EN.GAG le-e-et MAŠ.EN.GAG im-ta-ḫa-aṣ 10 GÍN KUG.BABBAR i-ša-qal

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

šumma muškēnum lēt muškēnim imtaḫas eš(e)ret šiqil kaspam išaqqal.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

If a muškēnum has struck the cheek of a muškēnum, he will pay out 10 shekels of silver.

§ 205

Bergmann (1953, p. 27, col. R XVII–XVIII, lns. 92–93;1–3)

Law § 205 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 165)

šum-ma ÌR a-wi-lim le-e-et DUMU a-wi-lim im-ta-ḫa-aṣ ú-zu-un-šu i-na-ak-ki-su

Huehnergard (2013, p. 34)

šumma warad awīlim lēt mār awīlim imtaḫaṣ uzuššu inakkisū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 34)

If a man’s slave has struck the cheek/side of a member of the awīlum class, his ear will be cut off.

§ 206

Bergmann (1953, p. 27, col. R XVIII, lns. 4–12)

Law § 206 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 441)

šum-ma a-wi-lum a-wi-lam i-na ri-is-ba-tim im-ta-ḫa-aṣ-ma sí-im-ma-am iš-ta-ka-an-šu a-wi-lum šu-ú i-na i-du-ú la am-ḫa-ṣú i-tam-ma ù A.ZU i-ip-pa-al

Huehnergard (2013, p. 124)

šumma awīlum awīlam ina risbātim imtaḫaṣ-ma simmam ištakaššu, awīlum šū “ina īdû lā amḫaṣu” itamma; u asâm ippal.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 124)

If a man has struck a man during a quarrel and inflicted a wound on him, said man will swear “I did not knowingly strike”; he will also pay the physician.

§ 207

Bergmann (1953, p. 27, col. R XVIII, lns. 13–18)

Law § 207 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 351)

šum-ma i-na ma-ḫa-ṣí-šu im-tu-ut i-tam-ma-ma šum-ma DUMU a-wi-lim 1/2 MA.NA KUG.BABBAR i-ša-qal

Huehnergard (2013, p. 88)

šumma ina maḫāṣīšu imtūt, itammā-ma šumma mār awīlim, mišil manā kaspam išaqqal.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 88)

If in striking him he has killed him, he will take an oath, and if (it was) a member of the awīlum class, he will weigh out one-half mina of silver.

§ 208

Bergmann (1953, p. 27, col. R XVIII, lns. 19–21)

Law § 208 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 351)

šum-ma DUMU MAŠ.EN.GAG 1/3 MA.NA KUG.BABBAR i-ša-qal

Huehnergard (2013, p. 88)

šumma mār muškēnim, šalšat manā kaspam išaqqal.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 88)

If a member of the muškēnum class, he will weigh out one-third mina of silver.

§ 209

Bergmann (1953, p. 27, col. R XVIII, lns. 22–29)

Law § 209 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 351)

šum-ma a-wi-lum DUMU.MUNUS a-wi-lim im-ḫa-aṣ-ma ša li-ib-bi-ša uš-ta-di-ši 10 GÍN KUG.BABBAR a-na ša li-ib-bi-ša i-ša-qal

Huehnergard (2013, p. 88)

šumma awīlum mārat awīlim imḫaṣ-ma ša libbīša uštaddīši, ešret šiqil kaspam ana ša libbīša išaqqal.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 89)

If a man struck a man’s daughter and has caused her to have a miscarriage, he will weigh out ten shekels of silver for her foetus [sic].

§ 210

Bergmann (1953, p. 27, col. R XVIII, lns. 31–34)

Law § 210 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 351)

šum-ma MUNUS ši-i im-tu-ut DUMU.MUNUS-sú i-du-uk-ku

Huehnergard (2013, p. 88)

šumma sinništum šī imtūt, mārassu idukkū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 89)

If that woman has died, his daughter will be executed.

§ 211

Bergmann (1953, p. 27, col. R XVIII, lns. 35–40)

Law § 211 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 351)

šum-ma DUMU.MUNUS MAŠ.EN.GAG i-na ma-ḫa-ṣí-im ša li-ib-bi-ša uš-ta-ad-di-ši 5 GÍN KUG.BABBAR i-ša-qal

Huehnergard (2013, p. 88)

šumma mārat muškēnim ina maḫāṣim ša libbīša uštaddīši, ḫamšat šiqil kaspam išaqqal.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 89)

If he has caused the daughter of a commoner to have a miscarriage through striking (her), he will weight out five shekels of silver.

§ 212

Bergmann (1953, p. 27, col. R XVIII, lns. 41–44)

Law § 212 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 89)

šum-ma zinništum ši im-tu-ut ½ ma-na kaspim i-ša-ḳal

Richardson (2004, p. 104)

šumma sinništum šî³⁴¹ imtūt, l/2 mana kaspam išaqqal.

Richardson (2004, p. 105)

If that woman has died, he shall pay half a mana of silver.

§ 213

Bergmann (1953, p. 27, col. R XVIII, lns. 45–50)

Law § 213 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 90)

šum-ma amat a-wi-lim im-ḫa-aṣ-ma ša li-ib-bi-ša uš-ta-ad-di-ši II šiḳil kaspim i-ša-ḳal

Richardson (2004, p. 104)

šumma amat awīlim imḫaṣma ša libbiša uštaddīši, 2 šiqil kaspam išaqqal.

Richardson (2004, p. 105)

If he has struck a man's slave-girl and made her lose her unborn child, he shall pay two shekels of silver.

§ 214

Bergmann (1953, p. 27, col. R XVIII, lns. 51–54)

Law § 214 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 90)

šum-ma amtum ši-i im-tu-ut ⅓ ma-na kaspim i-ša-ḳal

Richardson (2004, p. 106)

šumma amtum šî imtūt, 1/3 mana kaspam išaqqal.

Richardson (2004, p. 107)

If that slave-girl has died, he shall pay a third of a mana of silver.

§ 215

Bergmann (1953, p. 27, col. R XVIII, lns. 55–66)

Law § 215 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 264)

šum-ma A.ZU a-wi-lam sí-im-ma-am kab-tam i-na karzil(GÍR.NI) siparrim(ZABAR) i-pu-uš-ma a-wi-lam ub-ta-al-li-iṭ ù lu na-kap-ti a-wi-lim i-na karzil(GÍR.NI) siparrim(ZABAR) ip-te-ma i-in a-wi-lim ub-ta-al-li-iṭ 10 GÍN KUG.BABBAR i-le-qé

Huehnergard (2013, p. 59)

šumma asûm awīlam simmam kabtam ina karzil siparrim īpuš-ma awīlam ubtalliṭ ū lū nakkapti awīlim ina karzil siparrim iptē-ma īn awīlim ubtalliṭ, eš(e)ret šiqil kaspam ileqqe.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 59)

If a physician treated a man for a serious wound with a bronze lancet, and has saved the man, or else opened a man’s temple with a bronze lancet, and has saved the man’s eye, he will receive ten shekels of silver.

§ 216

Bergmann (1953, p. 27, col. R XVIII, lns. 67–69)

Law § 216 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 264)

šum-ma DUMU MAŠ.EN.GAG 5 GÍN KUG.BABBAR i-le-qé

Huehnergard (2013, p. 59)

šumma mār muškēnim, ḫamšat šiqil kaspam ileqqe.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 59)

If (it is) a member of the muškēnum class, he will receive five shekels of silver.

§ 217

Bergmann (1953, p. 27, col. R XVIII, lns. 70–73)

Law § 217 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 264)

šum-ma ÌR a-wi-lim be-el ÌR a-na A.ZU 2 GÍN KUG.BABBAR i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 59)

šumma warad awīlim, bēl wardim ana asîm šinā šiqil kaspam inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 59)

If (it is) a man’s slave, the slave’s owner will give the physician two shekels of silver.

§ 218

Bergmann (1953, p. 27, col. R XVIII, lns. 74–83)

Law § 218 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 178)

šum-ma A.ZU a-wi-lam sí-im-ma-am kab-tam i-na karzil(GÍR.NI) siparrim(ZABAR) i-pu-uš-ma a-wi-lam uš-ta-mi-it ù lu na-kap!(ID)-ti a-wi-lim i-na karzil(GÍR.NI) siparrim(ZABAR) ip-te-ma i-in a-wi-lim úḫ-tap-pí-id ritta(KIŠIB)-šu i-na-ki-su

Huehnergard (2013, p. 38)

šumma asûm simmam kabtam ina karzil siparrim īpuš-ma awīlam uštamīt ū lū nakkapti awīlim ina karzil siparrim iptē-ma īn awīlim uḫtappid rittašu inakkisū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 38)

If a physician treated a serious wound with a bronze lancet and has killed the man, or has opened a man’s temple with a bronze lancet and blinded the man, his hand will be cut off.

§ 219

Bergmann (1953, p. 27, col. R XVIII, lns. 84–88)

Law § 219 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 178)

šum-ma A.ZU sí-ma-am kab-tam ÌR MAŠ.EN.GAG i-na karzil(GÍR.NI) siparrim(ZABAR) i-pu-uš-ma uš-ta-mi-it ÌR ki-ma ÌR i-ri-ab

Huehnergard (2013, p. 38)

šumma asûm simmam kabtam wardam muškēnam ina karzil siparrim īpuš-ma uštamīt, wardam kīma wardim irīab.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 38)

If a physician treated a slave of a commoner for a serious wound with a bronze lancet and has killed (him), he will repay slave for slave.

§ 220

Bergmann (1953, p. 27, col. R XVIII, lns. 89–94)

Law § 220 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 178)

šum-ma na-kap-ta-šu i-na karzil(GÍR.NI) siparrim (ZABAR) ip-te-ma i-in-šu úḫ-tap--id!(DA) KUG.BABBAR mi-ši-il ŠÁM-šu i-ša-qal

Huehnergard (2013, p. 38)

šumma nakkaptašu ina karzil siparrim iptē-ma īššu uḫtappid, kaspam mišil šīmīšu išaqqal.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 38)

If he opened his temple with a bronze lancet and has blinded him, he will pay out half his value.

§ 221

Bergmann (1953, p. 27–28, col. R XVIII–XIX, lns. 95–96; 1–9)

Law § 221 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 264)

šum-ma A.ZU GÌR.PAD.DU a-wi-lim še-bé-er-tam uš-ta-li-im ù lu še-er-ʾa₄-nam mar-ṣa-am ub-ta-al-li-iṭ be-el si₂₀(ṢI)-im-mi-im a-na A.ZU 5 GÍN KUG.BABBAR i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 59)

šumma asûm eṣemti awīlim šebertam uštallim ū lū šerʾānam marṣam ubtalliṭ, bēl simmim ana asîm ḫamšat šiqil kaspam inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 59)

If a physician has repaired a man’s broken bone or has healed a sore tendon, the patient (lit., “owner of the wound”) will give the physician five shekels of silver.

§ 222

Bergmann (1953, p. 28, col. R XIX, lns. 10–12)

Law § 222 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 92)

šum-ma mâr MAŠ.EN.KAK III šiḳil kaspim i-na-ad-di-in

Richardson (2004, p. 106)

šumma mār muškēnim, 3 šiqil kaspam inaddin.

Richardson (2004, p. 107)

If it was a working man's son he shall pay three shekels of silver.

§ 223

Bergmann (1953, p. 28, col. R XIX, lns. 13–17)

Law § 223 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 92)

šum-ma warad a-wi-lim be-el wardim a-na A.ZU II šiḳil kaspim i-na-ad-di-in

Richardson (2004, p. 106)

šumma warad awīlim, bēl wardim ana asîm 2 šiqil kaspam inaddin.

Richardson (2004, p. 107)

If it was a man's slave, the slave's owner shall pay the doctor two shekels of silver.

§ 224

Bergmann (1953, p. 28, col. R XIX, lns. 18–28)

Law § 224 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 331)

šum-ma A.ZU GUD ù lu ANŠE lu GUD ù lu ANŠE si₂₀-im-ma-am kab-tam i-pu-uš-ma ub-ta-al-li-iṭ be-el GUD ù lu ANŠE IGI.6.GÁL KUG.BABBAR a-na A.ZU Á-šu i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

šumma asi alpim ū lū imērim lū alpam ū lū imēram simmam kabtam īpuš-ma ubtalliṭ, bēl alpim ū lū imērim šuduš/šeššat kaspam ana asîm idīšu inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

If an ox or donkey physician treated either an ox or a donkey for a serious wound and has healed (it), the owner of the ox or donkey will give the physician one-sixth (shekel of) silver as his wages.

§ 225

Bergmann (1953, p. 28, col. R XIX, lns. 29–35)

Law § 225 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 331)

šum-ma GUD ù lu ANŠE sí-im-ma-am kab-tam i-pu-uš-ma uš-ta-mi-it IGI.4(? 5?).GÁL ŠÁM-šu a-na be-el GUD ù lu ANŠE i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

šumma alpam ū lū imēram simmam kabtam īpuš-ma uštamīt, rebiat^? (ḫamšat?) šīmīšu ana bēl alpim ū lū imērim inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

If he treated either an ox or a donkey for a serious wound and has killed (it), he will give the owner of the ox or donkey one-fourth^? (-fifth^?) of its value.

§ 226

Bergmann (1953, p. 28, col. R XIX, lns. 36–42)

Law § 226 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 278)

šum-ma gallābum(ŠU.I) ba-lum be-el ÌR ab-bu-ti ÌR la še-e-em ú-gal-li-ib ritti(KIŠIB.LÁ) gallābim(ŠU.I) šu-a-ti i-na-ak-ki-su

Huehnergard (2013, p. 64)

šumma gallābum balum bēl wardim abbutti wardim lā šêm ugallib, ritti gallābim šuāti inakkisū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 64)

If a barber shaved the hair of a slave that was not his without the slave-owner’s permission, that barber’s hand will be cut off.

§ 227

Bergmann (1953, p. 28, col. R XIX, lns. 43–55)

Law § 227 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 441)

šum-ma a-wi-lum gallābam(ŠU.I) i-da-aṣ-ma ab-bu-ti ÌR la še-e-em ug-da-al-li-ib a-wi-lam šu-a-ti i-du-uk-ku-šu-ma i-na KÁ-šu i-ḫa-al-la-lu-šu gallābum(ŠU.I) i-na i-du-ú la ú-gal-li-bu i-tam-ma-ma ú-ta-aš-šar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 124)

šumma awīlum gallābam idâṣ-ma abbutti wardim lā šêm ugdallib, awīlam šuāti idukkūšū-ma ina bābīšu iḫallalūšu; gallābum “ina īdû lā ugallibu” itammā-ma ūtaššar.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 124)

If a man deceived a barber and he has shaved the hair-style of a slave that is not his, that man will be killed and hung on his gate; the barber will swear “I did not knowingly shave” and be released.

§ 228

Bergmann (1953, p. 28, col. R XIX, lns. 56–63)

Law § 228 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 331)

šum-ma ŠITIM É a-na a-wi-lim i-pu-uš-ma ú-ša-ak-li-il-šum a-na 1 mūšar(SAR) É 2 GÍN KUG.BABBAR a-na qí-iš-ti-šu i-na-ad-di-iš-šum

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

šumma itinnum bītam ana awīlim īpuš-ma ušaklilšum, ana ištēn mūšar bītim šinā šiqil kaspam ana qīštīšu inaddiššum.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

If a house builder built a house to completion for a man, he will give as his fee two shekels of silver for each mūšarum of the house.

§ 229

Bergmann (1953, p. 28, col. R XIX, lns. 64–72)

Law § 229 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 331)

šum-ma ŠITIM a-na a-wi-lim É i-pu-uš-ma ši-pí-ir-šu la ú-dan-ni-in-ma É i-pu-šu im-qú!(LU)-ut-ma be-el É uš-ta-mi-it ŠITIM šu-ú id-da-ak

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

šumma itinnum ana awīlim bītam īpuš-ma šipiršu lā udannim-ma bīt īpušu imqut-ma bēl bītim uštamīt, itinnum šū iddâk.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

If a house builder built a house for a man but did not secure/fortify his work so that the house he built collapsed and caused the death of the house owner, that house builder will be executed.

§ 230

Bergmann (1953, p. 28, col. R XIX, lns. 73–76)

Law § 230 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 94)

šum-ma mâr be-el bîtim uš-ta-mi-it mâr bânîm šu-a-ti i-du-uk-ku

Richardson (2004, p. 108)

šumma mār bēl bītim uštamīt, mār itinnim šuāti idukkū.

Richardson (2004, p. 109)

If it has caused the death of the son of the owner of the house, they shall kill that builder's son.

§ 231

Bergmann (1953, p. 28, col. R XIX, lns. 77–81)

Law § 231 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 94)

šum-ma warad be-el bîtim uš-ta-mi-it wardam ki-ma wardim a-na be-el bîtim i-na-ad-di-in

Richardson (2004, p. 108)

šumma warad bēl bītim uštamīt, wardam kīma wardim ana bēl bītim inaddin.

Richardson (2004, p. 109)

If it has caused the death of a slave of the owner of the house, he shall give a slave for the slave to the owner of the house.

§ 232

Bergmann (1953, p. 28, col. R XIX, lns. 82–92)

Law § 232 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 94)

šum-ma ŠA.GA uḫ-ta-al-li-iḳ mi-im-ma ša u-ḫal-li-ḳu i-ri-ab u aš-šum bîtam i-bu-šu la u-dan-ni-nu-ma im-ku-tu i-na ŠA.GA ra-ma-ni-šu bîtam im-ku-tu i-ib-bi-eš

Richardson (2004, p. 108)

šumma makkūram uḫtalliq mimma ša uḫalliqu iriab. u, aššum bīt īpušu la udanninuma imqutu, ina makkūr ramanišu bīt imqutu ippeš.

Richardson (2004, p. 109)

If he has destroyed possessions, he shall make recompense for whatever he destroyed. Moreover, since the house he had built collapsed because he had not made it strong enough, he shall rebuild the house which collapsed from his own resources.

§ 233

Bergmann (1953, p. 28, col. R XIX–XX, lns. 93–98; 1–3)

Law § 233 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 442)

šum-ma ŠITIM É a-na a-wi-lim i-pu-uš-ma ši-pí-ir-šu la uš-te-eṣ-bi-ma É.GAR₈ iq-tu-up ŠITIM šu-ú i-na KUG.BABBAR ra-ma-ni-šu É.GAR₈ šu-a-ti ú-dan-na-an

Huehnergard (2013, p. 124)

šumma itinnum bītam ana awīlim īpuš-ma šipiršu lā ušteṣbī-ma igārum iqtūp, itinnum šū ina kasap ramānīšu igāram šuāti udannan.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 124)

If a house builder built a house for a man but did not do his work properly so that the wall buckled, said house-builder will reinforce that wall with his own silver.

§ 234

Bergmann (1953, p. 29, col. R XX, lns. 4–9)

Law § 234 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 95)

šum-ma malaḫum elippi LX GUR a-na a-wi-lim ip-ḫi II šiḳil kaspim a-na ḳi-iš-ti-šu i-na-ad-di-iš-šum

Richardson (2004, p. 108)

šumma malāḫum elep 60 kur ana awīlim ipḫe, 2 šiqil kaspam ana qīštišu inaddiššum.

Richardson (2004, p. 109)

If a boat-builder has caulked a boat of 60 kur capacity for a man, he shall give him one shekel of silver as his fee.

§ 235

Bergmann (1953, p. 29, col. R XX, lns. 10–26)

Law § 235 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 95)

šum-ma malaḫum elippam a-na a-wi-lim ip-ḫi-ma ši-bi-ir-šu la u-tak-ki-il-ma i-na ša-at-tim-ma šu-a-ti elippum ši-i iz-za-par ḫi-di-tam ir-ta-ši malaḫum elippam šu-a-ti i-na-ḳar-ma i-na ŠA.GA ra-ma-ni-šu u-dan-na-an-ma elippam dan-na-tam a-na be-el elippim i-na-ad-di-in

Richardson (2004, p. 108)

šumma malāḫum eleppam ana awīlim ipḫēma šipiršu la utakkilma ina šattimma šuāti eleppum šî iṣṣabar, ḫiṭītam irtaši. malāḫum eleppam šuāti inaqqarma ina makkūr ramanišu udannanma eleppam dannatam ana bēl eleppim inaddin.

Richardson (2004, p. 109)

If a boat-builder has caulked a boat for a man but has not done it properly and in the same year the boat begins to leak⁷⁷ and shows a defect, the boat-builder shall repair that boat and reinforce it at his own expense, and give the reinforced boat to the owner of the boat.

§ 236

Bergmann (1953, p. 29, col. R XX, lns. 27–37)

Law § 236 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 95)

šum-ma a-wi-lum elippi-šu a-na malaḫim a-na ig-ri-im id-di-in-ma malaḫum i-gi-ma elippam ut-te-bi u lu uḫ-ta-al-li-iḳ malaḫum elippam a-na be-el elippim i-ri-a-ab

Richardson (2004, p. 108)

šumma awīlum eleppašu ana malāḫim ana igrim iddinma malāḫum īgīma eleppam uṭṭebbi u lu uḫtalliq, malāḫum eleppam ana bēl eleppim iriab.

Richardson (2004, p. 109)

If a man has given his boat to a boatman for hire and the boatman is careless and sinks the boat or loses it altogether, the boatman shall repay the owner of the boat with another boat.

§ 237

Bergmann (1953, p. 29, col. R XX, lns. 38–55)

Law § 237 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 96)

šum-ma a-wi-lum malaḫam u elippam i-gur-ma šeʾam šipâtam šamnam suluppam u mi-im-ma šum-šu ša ṣi-nim i-ṣi-en-ši malaḫum šu-u i-gi-ma elippam ut-te-ib-bi u ša li-ib-bi-ša uḫ-ta-al-li-iḳ malaḫum elippam ša u-te-ib-bu-u u mi-im-ma ša i-na li-ib-bi-ša u-ḫal-li-ḳu i-ri-a-ab

Richardson (2004, p. 108)

šumma awīlum malāḫam u eleppam īgurma šeʾam šipātim šamnam suluppī u mimma šumšu ša ṣênim iṣēnši malāḫum šû īgīma eleppam uṭṭebbi u ša libbiša uḫtalliq, malāḫum eleppam ša uṭebbû u mimma ša ina libbiša uḫalliqu iriab.

Richardson (2004, p. 109)

If a man has hired a boatman or a boat and has stowed it with grain, wool, oil, dates or some other cargo, but that boatman has been careless and has sunk the boat and completely lost what was in it, the boatman shall make repayment for the boat that he sank and for whatever was in it that he lost.

§ 238

Bergmann (1953, p. 29, col. R XX, lns. 56–61)

Law § 238 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 317)

šum-ma malāḫum(MÁ.LAḪ₅) ^gišMÁ a-wi-lim ú-ṭe₄-eb-bi-ma uš-te-li-a-aš-ši KUG.BABBAR mi-ši-il ŠÁM-ša i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 77)

šumma malāḫum elep awīlim uṭebbī-ma uštēliašši, kaspam/kasap mišil šīmīša inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 77)

If a sailor sank a man’s boat, but has refloated it (lit., has brought it up), he will give half its value in silver.

§ 239

Bergmann (1953, p. 29, col. R XX, lns. 62–66)

Law § 239 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 96)

šum-ma a-wi-|lum| malaḫam |i-gur| VI |ŠE.GUR| i-na ša-na|-at| i-na-ad-|di|-iš-|šum|

Richardson (2004, p. 110)

šumma awīlum malāḫam [īgur], 6 [kur šeʾam] ina šanat inaddiššum.

Richardson (2004, p. 111)

If a man has hired a boatman he shall pay him six kur of grain a year.

§ 240

Bergmann (1953, p. 29, col. R XX, lns. 67–80)

Law § 240 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 467)

šum-ma ^gi[^šMÁ] ša ma-ḫi-ir-tim ^gišMÁ ša mu-uq-qé-el-pí-tim im-ḫa-aṣ-ma uṭ-ṭe₄-eb-bi be-el ^gišMÁ ša ^gišMÁ-šu ṭe₄-bi-a-at mi-im-ma ša i-na ^gišMÁ-šu ḫal-qú i-na ma-ḫar i-lim ú-ba-ar-ma ša ma-ḫi-ir-tim ša ^gišMÁ ša mu-uq-qé-el-pí-tim ú-ṭe₄-eb-bu-ú ^gišMÁ-šu ù mi-im-ma-šu ḫal-qá-am i-ri-a-ab-šum

Huehnergard (2013, p. 134)

šumma [elep] ša māḫirtim elep ša muqqelpītim imḫaṣ-ma uṭṭebbi, bēl eleppim ša eleppašu ṭebiat mimma ša ina eleppīšu ḫalqu ina maḫar ilim ubār-ma ša māḫirtim ša elep ša muqqelpītim uṭebbû eleppašu u mimmâšu ḫalqam irīabšum.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 134)

If the boat of an upstream skipper struck and has sunk the boat of a downstream skipper, the owner of the boat whose boat is sunk will establish before god whatever was lost in his boat and the upstream skipper who sank the boat of the downstream skipper will repay him his boat and his lost property.

§ 241

Bergmann (1953, p. 29, col. R XX, lns. 81–84)

Law § 241 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 97)

šum-ma a-wi-lum alpam a-na ni-bu-tim it-te-bi ⅓ ma-na kaspim i-ša-ḳal

Richardson (2004, p. 110)

šumma awīlum alpam ana nipûtim ittepe 1/3 mana kaspam išaqqal.

Richardson (2004, p. 111)

If a man has taken an ox as security, he shall pay a third of a mana of silver.

§ 242

Bergmann (1953, p. 29, col. R XX, lns. 85–91)

Law § 242 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 97)

šum-ma a-wi-lum a-na šattim I i-gur ID GUD.DA.UR.RA IV ŠE.GUR ID GUD.UD.LID.SAG III ŠE.GUR a-na be-li-šu i-na-ad-di-in

Richardson (2004, p. 110)

(242/3) šumma awīlum alpam³⁴⁵ ana šattim ištiat īgur, idī alpim ša warka 4 kur seʾam,³⁴⁶ idī alpim ša qabla 3 kur šeʾam, ana bēlišu inaddin.

Richardson (2004, p. 111)

If a man has hired an ox for one year, he shall pay to its owner the charges for a rear-ox of four kur of grain, and the charges for a lead-ox three kur of grain.

§ 243

Artifact destroyed

Cuneiform unavailable

Transliteration unavailable

Normalization unavailable

Translation unavailable

§ 244

Bergmann (1953, p. 29, col. R XX1, lns. 1–5)

Law § 244 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 97)

šum-ma a-wi-lum alpam imêram i-gur-ma i-na ṣi-ri-im UR.MAH id-du-uk-šu a-na be-li-šu-ma

Richardson (2004, p. 110)

šumma awīlum alpam imēram īgurma ina ṣērim nēšum iddūkšu, ana bēlišuma.

Richardson (2004, p. 111)

If a man has hired an ox or a donkey and a lion has killed it in the open country, it is the owner's responsibility.

§ 245

Bergmann (1953, p. 29–30, col. R XX1, lns. 6–13)

Law § 245 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 331)

šum-ma a-wi-lum GUD i-gur-ma i-na me-gu-tim ù lu i-na ma-ḫa-ṣí-im uš-ta-mi-it GUD ki-ma GUD a-na be-el GUD i-ri-a-ab

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

šumma awīlum alpam īgur-ma ina mēgûtim ū lū ina maḫāṣim uštamīt, alpam kīma alpim ana bēl alpim irīab.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 83)

If a man rented an ox and caused its death, through negligence or through hitting (it), he will pay back ox for ox to the owner of the ox.

§ 246

Bergmann (1953, p. 30, col. R XX1, lns. 14–21)

Law § 246 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 38)

šum-ma a-wi-lum GUD i-gur-ma šēp(GÌR)-šu iš-te-bé-er ù lu la-bi-a-an-šu it-ta-ki-is GUD ki-ma GUD a-na be-el GUD i-ri-a-ab

Huehnergard (2013, p. 38)

šumma awīlum alpam īgur-ma šēpšu išteber ū lū labiāššu ittakis, alpam kīma alpim ana bēl alpim irīab.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 38)

If a man rented an ox and has broken its foot or has cut its neck tendon, he will repay ox for ox to the owner of the ox.

§ 247

Bergmann (1953, p. 30, col. R XX1, lns. 22–27)

Law § 247 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 165)

šum-ma a-wi-lum GUD i-gur-ma IGI-šu úḫ-tap--id KUG.BABBAR mi-ši-il ŠÁM-šu a-na be-el GUD i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 34)

šumma awīlum alpam īgur-ma īššu uḫtappid kaspam mišil šīmīšu ana bēl alpim inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 34)

If a man hired an ox and has blinded its eye, he will give the owner of the ox silver (equal to) half its value.

§ 248

Bergmann (1953, p. 30, col. R XX1, lns. 28–35)

Law § 248 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 98)

šum-ma a-wi-lum alpam i-gur-ma ḳar-ni-šu iš-bi-ir zibba-zu it-ta-ki-is u lu šêr pasutti-šu it-ta-sa-ak kaspi IGI.IV.GAL šîmi-šu i-na-ad-di-in

Richardson (2004, p. 110)

šumma awīlum alpam īgurma qaranšu išbir³⁴⁸ zibbassu ittakis u lu šašallašu ittasak³⁴⁹ , kaspam 1/4(?) sīmišu inaddin.

Richardson (2004, p. 111)

If a man has hired an ox and broken its horn, or cut off its tail, or torn its flesh, he shall pay a quarter of its value in silver.

§ 249

Bergmann (1953, p. 30, col. R XX1, lns. 36–43)

Law § 249 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 192)

šum-ma a-wi-lum GUD i-gur-ma i-lum im-ḫa-sú-ma im-tu-ut a-wi-lum ša GUD i-gu-ru ni-iš i-lim i-za-kar-ma ú-ta-aš-šar

Huehnergard (2013, p. 42)

šumma awīlum alpam īgur-ma ilum imḫassū-ma imtūt, awīlum ša alpam īguru nīš ilim izakkar-ma ūtaššar.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 42)

If a man rented an ox, and a god struck it and it has died, the man who rented the ox will swear by a god and be released.

§ 250

Bergmann (1953, p. 30, col. R XX1, lns. 44–51)

Law § 250 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 351)

šum-ma GUD sú(? su?)-qá-am i-na a-la-ki-šu a-wi-lam ik-ki-ip-ma uš-ta-mi-it di-nu-um šu-ú ru-gu-um-ma-am ú-ul i-šu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 89)

šumma alpum sūqam ina alākīšu awīlam ikkip-ma uštamīt, dīnum šū rugummâm ul īšu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 89)

If an ox, while walking along the street, gored a man and has killed him, such a case has no grounds for legal action.

§ 251

Bergmann (1953, p. 30, col. R XX1, lns. 52–65)

Law § 251 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 317)

šum-ma GUD a-wi-lim na-ak-ka-p[í-ma] ki-ma na-ak-ka-pu-ú ba-ab-ta-šu ú-še-di-šum-ma qar-ni-šu la ú-šar-ri-im GUD la ú-sa-an-ni-iq-ma GUD šu-ú DUMU a-wi-lim i[k-k]i-ip-ma u[š-ta]-mi-it 1/2 [MA].NA KUG.BABBAR i-[na]-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 77)

šumma alap awīlim nakkāp[ī-ma] kīma nakkāpû bābtašu ušēdīšumma qarnīšu lā ušarrim alpam lā usanniq-ma alpum šū mār awīlim i[kk]ip-ma u[šta]mīt mišil [ma]nā kaspam i[n]addin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 77)

If a man’s ox was prone to goring and his neighborhood had made known to him that it was prone to goring, yet he had not trimmed its horns, (and) did not control the ox so that said ox gored and has caused the death of a member of the awīlum class, he will give half a mina of silver.

§ 252

Bergmann (1953, p. 30, col. R XX1, lns. 66–68)

Law § 252 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 99)

|šum-ma| warad a-wi-lim ⅓ ma-na kaspim i-na-ad-di-in

Richardson (2004, p. 112)

šumma warad awīlim, 1/3 mana kaspam inaddin.

Richardson (2004, p. 113)

If it was a man's slave he shall give a third of a mana of silver.

§ 253

Bergmann (1953, p. 30, col. R XX1, lns. 69–82)

Law § 253 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 454)

šum-ma a-wi-lum a-wi-lam a-na pa-ni A.ŠÀ-šu ú-zu-uz-zi-im i-gur-ma aldâm(AL.DÙ.A-am) [i]-qí-ip-šu [ÁB].GUD.ḪI.A ip-qí-súm [a-na] A.ŠÀ e-re-ši-im ú-ra-ak-ki-sú [šu]m-ma a-wi-lum šu-ú ŠE.NUMUN ù lu ukullâm(ŠÀ.GAL) iš-ri-iq-ma i-na qá-ti-šu it-ta-aṣ-ba-at ritta (KIŠIB.LÂ)-šu i-na-ak-ki-su

Huehnergard (2013, p. 129)

šumma awīlum awīlam ana pānī eqlīšu uzuzzim īgur-ma aldâm [i]qīpšu [l]iātim ipqissum [ana] eqlim erēšim urakkissu, [šu]mma awīlum šū zēram ū lū ukullâm išriq-ma ina qātīšu ittaṣbat, rittašu inakkisū.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 129)

If a man hired a man to oversee his field and entrusted him with a store of barley (or) provided him with cattle (or) contracted with him to cultivate the field, if that man stole seed or fodder and it has been caught in his possession, his hand will be cut off.

§ 254

Bergmann (1953, p. 30, col. R XX1, lns. 83–87)

Law § 254 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 278)

šum-ma (a-wi-lum, from §253) aldâm(AL.DÙ.A-am) il-qé-ma ÁB.GUD.ḪI.A ú-te-en-ni!(GAG)-iš ta-áš-na ŠE ša im-ḫu!(RI)-ru i-ri-ab

Huehnergard (2013, p. 64)

šumma aldâm ilqē-ma liātim ūtenniš, ta[š]na âm ša imḫuru irīab.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 64)

If he took a store of barley and so weakened the cattle, he will replace the grain he got doubly.

§ 255

Bergmann (1953, p. 30, col. R XXI, lns. 88–96)

Law § 255 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 415)

šum-ma ÁB.GUD.ḪI.A a-wi-lim a-na ig-ri-im it-ta-di-in ù lu ŠE.NUMUN iš-ri-iq-ma i-na A.ŠÀ la uš-tab-ši a-wi-lam šu-a-ti ú-ka-an-nu-šu-ma i-na ebūrim (BURU₁₄) ana būrim (BÙR^iku.E) 60 ŠE.GUR i-ma-ad-da-ad

Huehnergard (2013, p. 113)

šumma liāt awīlim ana igrim ittadin ū lū zēram išriq-ma ina eqlim lā uštabši, awīlam šuāti ukannūšū-ma ina ebūrim ana būrim šūši kur âm imaddad.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 113)

If he gave the man’s cattle for hire or stole the seed and has not produced (anything) in the field, that man will be convicted and at the harvest he will measure out sixty kor of grain per būr.

§ 256

Bergmann (1953, p. 30, col. R XXI, lns. 97–100)

Law § 256 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 415)

šum-ma pí-ḫa-sú a-pa-lam la i-le-i i-na A.ŠÀ šu-a-ti i-na ÁB.GUD.ḪI.A im-ta-na-aš-ša-ru-šu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 113)

šumma pīḫassu apālam lā ileʾʾi, ina eqlim šuāti ina liātim imtanaššarūšu.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 113)

If he is unable to meet his obligation, he will be dragged back and forth in that field by cattle.

§ 257

Bergmann (1953, p. 30, col. R XXI–XXII, lns. 101; 1–4)

Law § 257 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 101)

šum-ma a-wi-lum AK.ŠU i-gur VIII ŠE.GUR i-na šattim I ^kam i-na-ad-di-iš-šum

Richardson (2004, p. 112)

šumma awīlum ikkaram³⁵⁷ īgur, 8 kur šeʾam ina šattim ištiat inaddiššum.

Richardson (2004, p. 113)

If a man hires a farmer, he shall give him eight kur of grain for one year.

§ 258

Bergmann (1953, p. 30, col. R XXII, lns. 5–9)

Law § 258 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 101)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ŠÀ.GUD i-gur VI ŠE.GUR i-na šattim I^kam i-na-ad-di-iš-šum

Richardson (2004, p. 112)

šumma awīlum kullizam īgur, 6 kur šeʾam ina šattim ištiat* inaddiššum.

Richardson (2004, p. 113)

If a man has hired a cowman, he shall give him six kur of grain for one year.

§ 259

Bergmann (1953, p. 30–31, col. R XXII, lns. 10–15)

Law § 259 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 101)

šum-ma a-wi-lum GIŠ.APIN i-na ugarim iš-ri-iḳ V šiḳil kaspim a-na be-el GIŠ.APIN i-na-ad-di-in

Richardson (2004, p. 112)

šumma awīlum epinnam ina ugārim išriq, 5 šiqil kaspam ana bēl epinnim inaddin.

Richardson (2004, p. 113)

If a man has stolen a plough from the fields, he shall give five shekels of silver to the owner of the plough.

§ 260

Bergmann (1953, p. 31, col. R XXII, lns. 16–20)

Law § 260 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 101)

šum-ma GIŠ.APIN.TUK.KIN u lu GIŠ.GAN.UR iš-ta-ri-iḳ III šiḳil kaspim i-na-ad-di-in

Richardson (2004, p. 112)

šumma ḫarbam u lu maškakātim ištariq, 3 šiqil kaspam inaddin.

Richardson (2004, p. 113)

If he has stolen a harrow or a scuffle, he shall give three shekels of silver.

§ 261

Bergmann (1953, p. 31, col. R XXII, lns. 21–27)

Law § 261 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 89)

šum-ma a-wi-lum NA.GADA a-na ÁB.GUD.ḪI.A ù U₈.UDU.ḪI.A re-em i-gur 8 ŠE.GUR i-na MU.1.KAM i-na-ad-di-iš-šum

Huehnergard (2013, p. 89)

šumma awīlum nāqidam ana liātim ū ṣēnī rêm/reʾêm īgur, samānat kur âm ina išteat šattim inaddiššum.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 89)

If a man hired a shepherd to tend cattle or flocks, he will give him eight kor of grain per year.

§ 262

Bergmann (1953, p. 31, col. R XXII, lns. 28–30)

Law § 262 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 102)

šum-ma a-wi-lum alpam u lu immeram a-na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Richardson (2004, p. 114)

[mostly broken] šumma awīlum alpam u lu immeram ana [nāqidim...

Richardson (2004, p. 115)

If a man ... an ox or a sheep ...

§ 263

Bergmann (1953, p. 31, col. R XXII, lns. 37–43)

Law § 263 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 102)

Richardson (2004, p. 114)

[badly broken] šumma [alpam] u lu [immeram] ša innadnušum uḫtalliq alpam kīma [alpim] immeram kīma [immerim] ana bēlišu³⁵⁹ iriab.

Richardson (2004, p. 115)

If he loses [the cattle or the sheep] which have been given him, he shall make a repayment to their owner of an ox [for an ox] and a sheep [for a sheep].

§ 264

Bergmann (1953, p. 31, col. R XXII, lns. 44–60)

Law § 264 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 102)

Richardson (2004, p. 114)

šumma [rēʾûm] ša liātum u lu ṣēnum ana reʾîm innadnušum idīšu gamrātim maḫir libbašu ṭāb liātim uṣṣaḫḫir ṣēnam uṣṣaḫḫir tālittam umtaṭṭi, ana pī riksātišu tālittam u biltam inaddin.

Richardson (2004, p. 115)

If a shepherd who has been given cattle and sheep to feed has received everything to make him satisfied, but he has diminished the herd and the flock and there are less births, he shall give some young animals or some produce according to the words of the agreement.

§ 265

Bergmann (1953, p. 31, col. R XXII, lns. 61–75)

Law § 265 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 96)

šum-ma SIPAD ša ÁB.GUD.ḪI.A ù lu U₈.UDU.ḪI.A a-na re-em in-na-ad-nu-šum ú-sa-ar-ri-ir-ma ši-im-tam ut-ta-ak-ki-ir ù a-na KUG.BABBAR it-ta-di-in ú-ka-an-nu-šu-ma A.RÁ 10-šu ša iš-ri-qú ÁB.GUD.ḪI.A ù U₈.UDU.ḪI.A a-na be-lí-šu-nu i-ri-a-ab

Huehnergard (2013, p. 96)

šumma rēʾûm ša liātum ū lū ṣēnum ana reʾêm/rêm innadnūšum usarrir-ma šimtam uttakkir u ana kaspim ittadin, ukannūšū-ma adi ešrīšu ša išriqu liātim ū ṣēnam ana bēlīšunu iriāb.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 96)

If a shepherd who was given cattle or flocks to tend made false claims and changed the brand (or, falsely changed the brand), and also sold (them), he will be convicted and will repay to their owner up to ten times what he stole in cattle and flocks.

§ 266

Bergmann (1953, p. 31, col. R XXII, lns. 76–81)

Law § 266 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 103)

šum-ma i-na tarbaṣim li-bi-it i-lim it-tab-ši u lu UR.MAH id-du-uk brêʾum ma-ḫar ilim u-ub-ba-am-ma mi-ki-it-ti tarbaṣim be-el tarbaṣim i-maḫ-ḫar-šu

Richardson (2004, p. 114)

šumma ina tarbaṣim ³⁶⁰lipit ilim* ittabši u lu nēšum iddûk, rēʾûm maḫar ilim ubbamma miqitti tarbaṣim bēl tarbaṣim imaḫḫaršu.

Richardson (2004, p. 115)

If there has been an act of god⁷⁸ in a sheepfold or a lion has made a kill, the shepherd shall absolve himself in the presence of the god, and the owner of the sheepfold shall accept from him the damage in the sheepfold⁷⁹.

§ 267

Bergmann (1953, p. 31, col. R XXII, lns. 82–89)

Law § 267 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 305)

šum-ma SIPAD i-gu!(GEME₂)-ma i-na tarbaṣim(TÙR) pí-sà-tam uš-tab-ši SIPAD ḫi-ṭi-it pí-sà-tim ša i-na tarbaṣim(TÙR) ú-ša-ab-šu-ú ÁB.GUD.ḪI.A ù U8.UDU.ḪI.A ú-ša-lam-ma a-na be-lí-šu-nu i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 73)

šumma rēʾûm īgū-ma ina tarbaṣim pissātam uštabši, reʾûm ḫiṭīt pissātim ša ina tarbaṣim ušabšû liātim u ṣēnī ušallam-ma ana bēlīšunu inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 73)

If a shepherd was negligent and has caused lameness^? in a stable, the shepherd will make good and give to their owner the damage of the lameness^? he caused in the stable (in) cattle and flocks.

§ 268

Bergmann (1953, p. 31, col. R XXII, lns. 90–92)

Law § 268 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

šum-ma a-wi-lum GUD a-na di-a-ši-im i-gur 2 BÁN ŠE Á-šu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

šumma awīlum alpam ana diāšim īgur šittā sât ûm idūšu.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

If a man hired an ox for threshing, its hire is two seahs of barley.

§ 269

Bergmann (1953, p. 31, col. R XXII, lns. 93–95)

Law § 269 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

šum-ma ANŠE a-na di-a-ši-im i-gur 1 BÁN ŠE Á-šu

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

šumma imēram ana diāšim īgur išteat sât ûm idūšu.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

If he hired a donkey for threshing, its hire is one seah of barley.

§ 270

Bergmann (1953, p. 31, col. R XXII, lns. 96–98)

Law § 270 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 104)

šum-ma lalâm a-na di-a-ši-im i-gur I ḲA šeʾim ID-šu

Richardson (2004, p. 114)

šumma urīṣam ana diāšim īgur 1 qa šeʾum idūšu.

Richardson (2004, p. 115)

If he has hired a goat to do the threshing the charge for it is one qa of grain.

§ 271

Bergmann (1953, p. 31, col. R XXII–XXIII, lns. 99–101; 1–2)

Law § 271 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 113)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ÁB.GUD.ḪI.A ^gišMAR.GÍD.DA ù mu-úr-te-di-ša i-gur i-na UD.1.KAM 3 (“PI”; or, NIEŠ) ŠE i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 113)

šumma awīlum liātim ereqqam u murteddīša īgur, ina ištēn ūmim šalāšat pān (or, šalāš parsikat) âm inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 113)

If a man rented cattle, a wagon, and its driver, he will give three pānum/parsiktum (180 liters) of grain per day.

§ 272

Bergmann (1953, p. 31, col. R XXII–XXIII, lns. 3–7)

Law § 272 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 105)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ṣumba-ma a-na ra-ma-ni-ša i-gur i-na ûmi I^kam XL ḲA šeʾim i-na-ad-di-in

Richardson (2004, p. 116)

šumma awīlum ereqqamma ana ramaniša īgur ina ūmim ištēn 4 sūt šeʾam inaddin.

Richardson (2004, p. 117)

If a man has hired a cart on its own, he shall pay four sa of grain for one day.

§ 273

Bergmann (1953, p. 31–32, col. R XXIII, lns. 8–19)

Law § 273 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 246)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ^lúagram(ḪUN.GÁ) i-gur iš-tu re-eš ša-at-tim a-di ḫa-am-ši-im ITI-im 6 uṭṭet(ŠE) KUG.BABBAR i-na UD.1.KAM i-na-ad-di-in iš-tu še₂₀-ši-im ITI-im a-di ta-aq-ti-it(!DA) ša-at-tim 5 uṭṭet(ŠE) KUG.BABBAR i-na UD.1.KAM i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

šumma awīlum agram īgur ištu rēš šattim adi ḫamšim warḫim šediš^? uṭṭet kaspam ina ištēn ūmim inaddin ištu šeššim warḫim adi taqtīt šattim ḫamiš uṭṭet kaspam ina ištēn ūmim inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

If a man hired a hireling, from the beginning of the year until the fifth month he will give six grains of silver for one day; from the sixth month until the end of the year he will give five grains of silver for one day.

§ 274

Bergmann (1953, p. 32, col. R XXIII, lns. 20–44)

Law § 274 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 105)

šum-ma a-wi-lum mâr ummânim i-ig-ga-ar ID ^amêlu . . . . . V ŠE kaspim ID ^amêluGAB.A V ŠE kaspim [ID] ^amêluKAD [VŠE] kaspim [ID] ^amêluGUL . . . . [ŠE] kaspim [ID] ^amêluGA(?) . . . [ŠE] kaspim ID . . . . tu(?) . . . [ŠE] kaspim [ID] . . . nangarim IV ŠE kaspim ID SA IV ŠE kaspim ID AT.KIT . . . ŠE kaspim ID ^amêlubânîm . . . [ŠE] kaspim i-na [ûmi] I^kam [i-na-ad-di]-in

Richardson (2004, p. 116)

[badly broken] šumma awīlum mār ummānim iggar,
idī [ ] ... 5 uṭṭet kaspam
idī kāmidim ... 5 uṭṭet kaspam
[idī] ša kitîm ... [uṭṭet] kaspam
[idī] purkullim ... [uṭṭet] kaspam
[idī] sasinnim ... [uṭṭet] kaspam
[idī] nappāhim ... [uṭṭet] kaspam
idī naggārim ... 4(?) uṭṭet kaspam
idī aškāpim ... [ ] uṭṭet kaspam
idī atkuppim ... [ ] uṭṭet kaspam
[idī] itinnim ... [...uṭṭet] kaspam
[ina ūnim] ištēn [inaddin]

Richardson (2004, p. 117)

[mostly broken] If a man intends to hire someone who is a craftsman, the fee for one day is:
or ... five grains of silver;
or a textile worker ... five grains of silver;
or a linen-weaver ... silver;
or a seal cutter ... silver;
or a maker of bows ... silver;
or a smith ... silver;
or a carpenter ... four (?) grains of silver;
or a leather-worker ... grains of silver;
or a basket-maker ... grains of silver;
or a builder ... silver.

§ 275

Bergmann (1953, p. 32, col. R XXIII, lns. 45–48)

Law § 275 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 106)

[šum-ma] a-wi-lum [elippam] i-gur i-na ûmi I^kam III ŠE kaspim ID-ša

Richardson (2004, p. 116)

[slightly broken] [šumma] awīlum [...] īgur, ina ūmim ištēn 3 uṭṭet kaspum idūša

Richardson (2004, p. 117)

[broken] [If a man] has hired ... the charge for it is three grains of silver for one day.

§ 276

Bergmann (1953, p. 32, col. R XXIII, lns. 49–52)

Law § 276 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 106)

šum-ma ma-ḫi-ir-tam i-gur II½ ŠE kaspim ID-ša i-na ûmi I^kam i-na-ad-di-in

Richardson (2004, p. 116)

šumma māḫirtam īgur, 2½ uṭṭet kaspam idīša ina ūmim ištēn inaddin

Richardson (2004, p. 117)

If a man has hired a rowing boat, he shall pay a charge of two and a half grains of silver for it for one day.

§ 277

Bergmann (1953, p. 32, col. R XXIII, lns. 53–57)

Law § 277 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 246)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ^gišMÁ.60.GUR i-gur i-na UD.1.KAM IGI.6.GÁL KUG.BABBAR Á-ša i-na-ad-di-in

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

šumma awīlum elep šūš kurrī īgur ina ištēn ūmim šuduš/šeššat kaspam idīša inaddin.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 55)

If a man hired a sixty-kur boat, for one day he will give one-sixth (shekel) of silver (as) its hire.

§ 278

Bergmann (1953, p. 32, col. R XXIII, lns. 58–66)

Law § 278 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 202)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ÌR GEME₂ i-ša-am-ma ITU-šu la im-la-ma bé-en-ni e-li-šu im-ta-qú-ut a-na na-di-na-ni-šu ú-ta-ar-ma ša-a-a-ma-nu-um KUG.BABBAR iš-qú-lu i-le-qé

Huehnergard (2013, p. 44)

šumma awīlum wardam amtam išām-ma waraḫšu lā imlā-ma bennī elīšu imtaqut ana nādinānīšu utār-ma šayyāmānum kasap išqulu ileqqe.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 44)

If a man bought a male (or) female slave and while he has not (yet) completed one (lit., his) month (of service) epilepsy has befallen him, he may return him to his seller; the buyer in question will receive the silver he paid out.

§ 279

Bergmann (1953, p. 32, col. R XXIII, lns. 67–71)

Law § 279 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 202)

šum-ma a-wi-lum ÌR GEME₂ iša-am-ma ba-aq-ri ir-ta-ši na-di-na-an-šu ba-aq-ri i-ip-pa-al.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 44)

šumma awīlum wardam amtam išām-ma baqrī irtaši nādināššu baqrī ippal.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 44)

If a man bought a male (or) female slave and (s)he has incurred legal claims, his seller will pay the claims.

§ 280

Bergmann (1953, p. 32, col. R XXIII, lns. 72–87)

Law § 280 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2013, p. 70)

šum-ma a-wi-lum i-na ma-at nu-ku-úr-tim ÌR GEME₂ ša a-wi-lim iš-ta-am i-nu-ma i-na li-ib-bu KALAM it-ta-al-kam-ma be-el ÌR ù lu GEME₂ lu ÌR-sú ù lu GEME₂-sú ú-te-ed-di šum-ma ÌR ù lu GEME₂ šu-nu DUMU.MEŠ ma-tim ba-lum KUG.BABBAR-ma an-du-ra-ar-šu-nu iš-ša-ak-ka-an

Huehnergard (2013, p. 70)

šumma awīlum ina māt nukurtim wardam amtam ša awīlim ištām, inūma ina libbu mātim ittalkam«-ma» bēl wardim ū lū amtim lū warassu ū lū amassu ūteddi, šumma wardum ū lū amtum šunu mārū mātim balum kaspim-ma andurāršunu iššakkan.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 70)

If a man has bought a man’s male or female slave in a foreign country, (and) when he has come into the country, the owner of the male or female slave has recognized his male or female slave, if those male or female slave(s) are natives of the country, their freedom will be established without any silver.

§ 281

Bergmann (1953, p. 32, col. R XXIII, lns. 88–96)

Law § 281 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Abulhab (2017, p. 107)

šum-ma mârê ma-tim ša-ni-tim ša-a-a-ma-nu-ma i-na ma-ḫar i-lim kaspam iš-ḳu-lu i-ga-ab-bi-ma be-el wardim u lu amtim kaspam iš-ḳu-lu a-na tamkarim i-na-ad-di-in-ma lu wara-zu lu ama-zu i-pa-aḳ

Richardson (2004, p. 118)

šumma mārū mātim šanītim, šāyyimānumma(!)³⁷⁴ ina maḫar ilim kasap išqulu iqabbīma, bēl wardim u lu amtim kasap išqulu ana tamkārim inaddinma, lu warassu lu amassu ipaṭṭar

Richardson (2004, p. 119)

If they are citizens of a different land the purchaser shall state the amount of silver he paid in the presence of the god and the owner of the slave or the maid shall pay the silver and redeem his slave or his slavegirl.

§ 282

Bergmann (1953, p. 32, col. R XXIII, lns. 97–102)

Law § 282 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Huehnergard (2011, p. 292)

šum-ma ÌR a-na be-lí-šu ú-ul be-lí at-ta iq-ta-bi ki-ma ÌR-sú ú-ka-an-šu-ma be-el-šu ú-zu-un-šu i-na-ak-ki-is

Huehnergard (2013, p. 70)

šumma wardum ana bēlīšu “ul ēbēlī atta” iqtabi, kīma warassu ukāššū-ma bēlšu uzuššu inakkis.

Huehnergard (2013, p. 70)

If a slave has said to his owner, “you are not my owner,” he will prove that (he is) his slave (lit., convict him, that (he is) his slave), and his owner may cut off his ear.

eHammurabi Glossary

The number 282 commonly denotes "the commonly accepted number of individual legal provisions in the Law Code of Hammurabi."

eHammurabi Glossary

Click here to learn more about § 16 and find other relevant terms related to the Law Code of Hammurabi.

eHammurabi Glossary

Click here to learn more about § 3 and find other relevant terms related to the Law Code of Hammurabi.

eHammurabi Glossary

Click here to learn more about Merchants and find other relevant terms related to the Law Code of Hammurabi.

eHammurabi Glossary

Click here to learn more about A Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition) and find other relevant terms related to the Law Code of Hammurabi.

eHammurabi Glossary

The term Apodosis commonly means "the part of the sentence that expresses the consequence, Y, in an 'if X, then Y' conditional statement."

eHammurabi Glossary

Assyriology is the study of languages, cultures, and civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia.

eHammurabi Glossary

The term Conditional Statement commonly means "a type of sentence that contains a requirement, or condition, and consequence, as in 'if X, then Y'."

eHammurabi Glossary

The term Cuneiform commonly means "an ancient writing system used by various cultures around Mesopotamia."

eHammurabi Glossary

Click here to learn more about Laws and find other relevant terms related to the Law Code of Hammurabi.

eHammurabi Glossary

Click here to learn more about Library and find other relevant terms related to the Law Code of Hammurabi.

eHammurabi Glossary

The term Louvre Museum commonly means "a museum in Paris, France, and the location of Hammurabi's original stele."

eHammurabi Glossary

The term Marduk commonly means "an ancient Mesopotamian deity associated with the city of Babylon."

eHammurabi Glossary

Click here to learn more about Martha Tobi Roth and find other relevant terms related to the Law Code of Hammurabi.

eHammurabi Glossary

The term Mesopotamia commonly means "a Greek name for modern-day Iraq that means 'land between two rivers'."

eHammurabi Glossary

The term Normalization commonly means "the application of grammatical rules unto transliterated sound values."

eHammurabi Glossary

The term Old Babylonian commonly means "an ancient dialect of the Akkadian language spoken and written in Mesopotamia between c. 2100–1400 BCE."

eHammurabi Glossary

The term Protasis commonly means "the part of the sentence that expresses the condition, X, in an 'if X, then Y' conditional statement."

eHammurabi Glossary

Click here to learn more about Scholarship and find other relevant terms related to the Law Code of Hammurabi.

eHammurabi Glossary

The term Stele commonly means "a rectangular, upright stone structure commonly found in the ancient world."

eHammurabi Glossary

The term Susa commonly means "an ancient Elamite city in modern-day Khuzestan Province, Iran."

eHammurabi Glossary

The term Translation commonly means "the conversion of linguistic contents and their meanings from one language into another."

eHammurabi Glossary

The term Transliteration commonly means "the conversion of sound values from one writing system into another."

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eHammurabi

A digital version of the Law Code of Hammurabi, including cuneiform, transliteration, normalization, and an English translation.

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Figure: Map of Mesopotamia

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Figure: Hammurabi's Stele

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Hammurabi's Laws

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