§ 31

Law § 31 of Hammurabi's Code

Summary
certain individuals who abandoned real property for up to one year will be given back their real property upon return; and they must continue to perform their agricultural obligations.

This law seems to rely on conditions provided in § 30.

Translation
If it is only for a single year that he has gone away, and he has returned, his field, orchard, or house will be given to him and he is the one who will perform his ilkum-service.
Inscription

Cuneiform

Law § 31 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Source: Bergmann (1953, p. 8, col. XI, lns. 5–12)

Transliteration

šum-ma ša-at-tam iš-ti-a-at-ma ud-da-ap-pí-ir-ma it-tu-ra-am A.ŠÀ-šu gišKIRI6-šu ù É-sú in-na-ad-di-iš-šum-ma šu-ma i-li-ik-šu i-il-la-ak

Source: Huehnergard (2011, p. 330)

Normalization

šumma šattam ištiat-ma uddappir-ma ittūram eqelšu kirīšu u bīssu innaddiššum-ma šū-ma ilikšu illak.

Source: Huehnergard (2013, p. 82)

Translation

If it is only for a single year that he has gone away, and he has returned, his field, orchard, or house will be given to him and he is the one who will perform his ilkum-service.

Source: Huehnergard (2013, p. 82)

Inscription

Location of Law § 31 · Powered by Stele3DSM

Orientation Front
Side(s) Side 1
Column(s) Col. 11
Line(s) Lns. 5–12
Key
Law § 31
Prologue
Laws
Epilogue
Damage

Logic

Logic Map for § 31 · Powered by LawgicSnifferSM

#
Steps
  • 1 If
  • 2
  • 3 it is only for a single year that
  • 4 he
  • 5 has gone away,
  • 6
  • 7 and
  • 8
  • 9 he
  • 10 has returned,
  • 11
  • 12 [then]
  • 13
  • 14 his
  • 15 field,
  • 16 [or]
  • 17 orchard,
  • 18 or
  • 19 house
  • 20 will be given to
  • 21 him
  • 22
  • 23 and
  • 24
  • 25 he is the one who
  • 26 will perform
  • 27 his
  • 28 ilkum-service.
  • 29
  • 30
  • 31

Vocabulary

Akkadian Words · Powered by GrammarSnifferSM

šumma (conditional Particle) "if; whether"

u (Conjunction)

Citation

Dedović, B. "§ 31 - eHammurabi." OMNIKA Foundation, 25 Oct. 2023, ehlaw.org/law/31. [Accessed 3 Nov. 2024]

MLA 9

Dedović, B. (2023, October 25). § 31 - eHammurabi. OMNIKA Foundation. https://ehlaw.org/law/31

APA 7

Dedović, Boban. "§ 31 - eHammurabi." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation. Created October 25, 2023. Modified August 14, 2024. Accessed November 3, 2024. https://ehlaw.org/law/31.

CMS 16

Bibliography

Abulhab, Saad D. The Law Code of Hammurabi: Transliterated and Literally Translated from its Early Classical Arabic Language. New York, NY: Blautopf, 2017.

ACH

Bergmann, Eugen. Codex Ḫammurabi: Textus Primigenius. Rome, Italy: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1953.

CHTP

Huehnergard, John. A Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011.

HAG3

Huehnergard, John. Key to a Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2013.

HKEY3

OMNIKA Foundation Contributors. "OMNIKA: Digital Mythology Library & Search Engine." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation, accessed November 14, 2023. https://omnika.org. [Visit]

Richardson, Mervyn E.J. Hammurabi's Laws: Text, Translation and Glossary. New York, NY: T & T Clark International, 2004.

RHL

Sound of Text Contributors. "Sound of Text: AI Text-to-Speech." Accessed November 14, 2023. https://soundoftext.app. [Visit]

SoT

eHammurabi Glossary

The § symbol commonly denotes "a shorthand notation for the word 'section'."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Cuneiform commonly means "an ancient writing system used by various cultures around Mesopotamia."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Normalization commonly means "the application of grammatical rules unto transliterated sound values."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Translation commonly means "the conversion of linguistic contents and their meanings from one language into another."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Transliteration commonly means "the conversion of sound values from one writing system into another."

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