§ 30

Law § 30 of Hammurabi's Code

Summary
certain individuals who abandoned real property for at least three years will not be given back their real property upon return if the new resident has performed their agricultural obligations.
Translation
If either a rēdûm or a bāʾerum abandoned his field, orchard, or house on account of the ilkum-service and has gone away, (and) after his departure another took over his field, orchard, or house and has performed his ilkum-service for three years, if he has returned and wants his field, orchard, or house, it will not be given to him; it is the one who took over and has performed his ilkum-service who will perform (it).
Law Code
Law Code of Hammurabi
Law Group
Agricultural Obligations
Inscription

Cuneiform

Law § 30 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Source: Bergmann (1953, p. 7, col. X–XI, lns. 51–68; 1–4)

Transliteration

šum-ma lu AGA.ÚS ù lu ŠU.ḪA A.ŠÀ-šu gišKIRI6-šu ù É-sú i-na pa-ni il-ki-im id-di-ma ud-da-ap-pí-ir ša-nu-um wa-ar-ki-šu A.ŠÀ-šu gišKIRI6-šu ù É-sú iṣ-ba-at-ma MU.3.KAM i-li-ik-šu it-ta-la-ak šum-ma it-tu-ra-am-ma A.ŠÀ-šu gišKIRI6-šu ù É-sú i-ir-ri-iš ú-ul in-na-ad-di-iš-šum ša iṣ-ṣa-ab-tu-ma i-li-ik-šu it-ta-al-ku šu-ma i-il-la-ak

Source: Huehnergard (2011, p. 330)

Normalization

šumma lū rēdûm ū lū bāʾerum eqelšu kirīšu u bīssu ina pānī ilkim iddī-ma uddappir šanûm warkīšu eqelšu kirīšu u bīssu iṣbat-ma šalāš šanātim ilikšu ittalak šumma ittūram-ma eqelšu kirīšu u bīssu irriš ul innaddiššum; ša iṣṣabtū-ma ilikšu ittalku šū-ma illak.

Source: Huehnergard (2013, p. 82)

Translation

If either a rēdûm or a bāʾerum abandoned his field, orchard, or house on account of the ilkum-service and has gone away, (and) after his departure another took over his field, orchard, or house and has performed his ilkum-service for three years, if he has returned and wants his field, orchard, or house, it will not be given to him; it is the one who took over and has performed his ilkum-service who will perform (it).

Source: Huehnergard (2013, p. 82)

Inscription

Location of Law § 30 · Powered by Stele3DSM

Orientation Front
Side(s) Sides 3 – 1 (overflow)
Column(s) Cols. 10–11
Line(s) Lns. 51–4
Key
Law § 30
Prologue
Laws
Epilogue
Damage
Open Law § 30 in Stele3DSM

Logic

Logic Map for § 30 · Powered by LawgicSnifferSM

#
Steps
  • 1 If
  • 2
  • 3 either
  • 4 a rēdûm
  • 5 or
  • 6 a bāʾerum
  • 7 abandoned
  • 8 his
  • 9 field,
  • 10 [or]
  • 11 orchard,
  • 12 or
  • 13 house
  • 14 on account of the ilkum-service
  • 15 and
  • 16 [he]
  • 17 has gone away,
  • 18
  • 19 (and) after
  • 20
  • 21 [he]
  • 22 [has departed]
  • 23 another
  • 24 took over
  • 25 his
  • 26 field,
  • 27 [or]
  • 28 orchard,
  • 29 or
  • 30 house
  • 31 and
  • 32 [he]
  • 33 has performed
  • 34 his
  • 35 ilkum-service for three years,
  • 36
  • 37 [and]
  • 38 if
  • 39
  • 40 he
  • 41 has returned
  • 42 and
  • 43 wants
  • 44 his
  • 45 field,
  • 46 [or]
  • 47 orchard,
  • 48 or
  • 49 house,
  • 50
  • 51
  • 52 [then]
  • 53
  • 54 it [his field, orchard, or house]
  • 55 will not
  • 56 be given to
  • 57 him;
  • 58
  • 59 [and]
  • 60
  • 61 it
  • 62 is
  • 63 the one
  • 64 who took over
  • 65 and
  • 66 has performed
  • 67 his
  • 68 ilkum-service
  • 69 who
  • 70 will perform (it).
  • 71
  • 72
  • 73

Vocabulary

Akkadian Words · Powered by GrammarSnifferSM

šumma (conditional Particle) "if; whether"

u (Conjunction)

ina (Preposition) "in, on, onto"

ilkim (Noun form) Masculine Singular Genitive of ilku "state service"

iddīma (G-Stem Preterite Verb form) 3rd Person Common Singular of nâdu "to lay down" + -ma "and"

u (Conjunction)

šumma (conditional Particle) "if; whether"

u (Conjunction)

ša (relative Particle) "(introduces relative clause or epithet); who, whom; s/he who"

Citation

Dedović, B. "§ 30 - eHammurabi." OMNIKA Foundation, 25 Oct. 2023, ehlaw.org/law/30. [Accessed 3 Nov. 2024]

MLA 9

Dedović, B. (2023, October 25). § 30 - eHammurabi. OMNIKA Foundation. https://ehlaw.org/law/30

APA 7

Dedović, Boban. "§ 30 - eHammurabi." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation. Created October 25, 2023. Modified September 27, 2024. Accessed November 3, 2024. https://ehlaw.org/law/30.

CMS 16

Bibliography

Abulhab, Saad D. The Law Code of Hammurabi: Transliterated and Literally Translated from its Early Classical Arabic Language. New York, NY: Blautopf, 2017.

ACH

Bergmann, Eugen. Codex Ḫammurabi: Textus Primigenius. Rome, Italy: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1953.

CHTP

Huehnergard, John. A Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011.

HAG3

Huehnergard, John. Key to a Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2013.

HKEY3

OMNIKA Foundation Contributors. "OMNIKA: Digital Mythology Library & Search Engine." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation, accessed November 14, 2023. https://omnika.org. [Visit]

–

Richardson, Mervyn E.J. Hammurabi's Laws: Text, Translation and Glossary. New York, NY: T & T Clark International, 2004.

RHL

Sound of Text Contributors. "Sound of Text: AI Text-to-Speech." Accessed November 14, 2023. https://soundoftext.app. [Visit]

SoT

eHammurabi Glossary

The § symbol commonly denotes "a shorthand notation for the word 'section'."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Cuneiform commonly means "an ancient writing system used by various cultures around Mesopotamia."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Normalization commonly means "the application of grammatical rules unto transliterated sound values."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Translation commonly means "the conversion of linguistic contents and their meanings from one language into another."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Transliteration commonly means "the conversion of sound values from one writing system into another."

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