§ 13

Law § 13 of Hammurabi's Code

Summary
the punishment for buying stolen property and not providing witnesses within six months is a default judgment of guilt.

This law seems to rely on conditions provided in § 9.

Translation
If that man’s witnesses are not nearby, the judges will set for him a period of six months, and if in six months he has not brought forward his witnesses, that man is a liar; he will bear the penalty of that case. · ·
Inscription

Cuneiform

Law § 13 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Source: Bergmann (1953, p. 5–6, col. VIII, lns. 14–24)

Transliteration

šum-ma a-wi-lum šu-ú ši-bu-šu la qer-bu da-a-a-nu a-da-nam a-na ITI.6.KAM i-ša-ak-ka-nu-šum-ma šum-ma i-na ITI.6.KAM ši-bi-šu la ir-de-a-am a-wi-lum šu-ú sà-ar a-ra-an di-nim šu-a-ti it-ta-na-aš-ši

Source: Huehnergard (2011, p. 414)

Normalization

šumma awīlum šū šībūšu lā qerbū, dayyānū adānam ana šeššet warḫī išakkanūšum-ma, šumma ina šeššet warḫī šībīšu lā irdeam awīlum šū sar; aran dīnim šuāti ittanašši.

Source: Huehnergard (2013, p. 112)

Translation

If that man’s witnesses are not nearby, the judges will set for him a period of six months, and if in six months he has not brought forward his witnesses, that man is a liar; he will bear the penalty of that case.

Source: Huehnergard (2013, p. 112)

Inscription

Location of Law § 13 · Powered by Stele3DSM

Orientation Front
Side(s) Sides 1 – 2 (overflow)
Column(s) Col. 8
Line(s) Lns. 14–24
Key
Law § 13
Prologue
Laws
Epilogue
Damage

Logic

Logic Map for § 13 · Powered by LawgicSnifferSM

#
Steps
  • 1 If
  • 2
  • 3 that man's
  • 4 witnesses
  • 5 are not nearby,
  • 6
  • 7 [then]
  • 8
  • 9 the judges
  • 10 will set
  • 11 for him
  • 12 a period of six months
  • 13
  • 14
  • 15 and
  • 16 if in six months
  • 17
  • 18 he
  • 19 has not brought forward
  • 20 his witnesses,
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23 [then]
  • 24
  • 25 that man
  • 26 is a liar;
  • 27
  • 28 [and]
  • 29
  • 30 he
  • 31 will bear the penalty of that case.
  • 32
  • 33
  • 34

Vocabulary

Akkadian Words · Powered by GrammarSnifferSM

šumma (conditional Particle) "if; whether"

awīlum (Noun form) Masculine Singular Nominative of awīlu "man"

ina (Preposition) "in, on, onto"

Citation

Dedović, B. "§ 13 - eHammurabi." OMNIKA Foundation, 24 Oct. 2023, ehlaw.org/law/13. [Accessed 3 Nov. 2024]

MLA 9

Dedović, B. (2023, October 24). § 13 - eHammurabi. OMNIKA Foundation. https://ehlaw.org/law/13

APA 7

Dedović, Boban. "§ 13 - eHammurabi." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation. Created October 24, 2023. Modified September 4, 2024. Accessed November 3, 2024. https://ehlaw.org/law/13.

CMS 16

Bibliography

Abulhab, Saad D. The Law Code of Hammurabi: Transliterated and Literally Translated from its Early Classical Arabic Language. New York, NY: Blautopf, 2017.

ACH

Bergmann, Eugen. Codex Ḫammurabi: Textus Primigenius. Rome, Italy: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1953.

CHTP

Huehnergard, John. A Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011.

HAG3

Huehnergard, John. Key to a Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2013.

HKEY3

OMNIKA Foundation Contributors. "OMNIKA: Digital Mythology Library & Search Engine." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation, accessed November 14, 2023. https://omnika.org. [Visit]

Richardson, Mervyn E.J. Hammurabi's Laws: Text, Translation and Glossary. New York, NY: T & T Clark International, 2004.

RHL

Sound of Text Contributors. "Sound of Text: AI Text-to-Speech." Accessed November 14, 2023. https://soundoftext.app. [Visit]

SoT

eHammurabi Glossary

The § symbol commonly denotes "a shorthand notation for the word 'section'."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Cuneiform commonly means "an ancient writing system used by various cultures around Mesopotamia."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Normalization commonly means "the application of grammatical rules unto transliterated sound values."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Translation commonly means "the conversion of linguistic contents and their meanings from one language into another."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Transliteration commonly means "the conversion of sound values from one writing system into another."

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