§ 34

Law § 34 of Hammurabi's Code

Summary
the punishment for mistreating lower-ranked soldiers as a superior official is execution.
Translation
If a captain or an inspector has taken the private property of a soldier, has treated a soldier unfairly, has allowed a soldier to be hired, has offered a soldier to a powerful man in a court, or has taken from a soldier a presentation given by the king, such a captain or inspector shall be killed.24
Law Code
Law Code of Hammurabi
Law Group
Agricultural Obligations
Inscription

Cuneiform

Law § 34 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Source: Bergmann (1953, p. 8, col. XI, lns. 51–64)

Transliteration

šum-ma lu PA.PA u lu NU.TUR nu-ma-at rid ṣâbê bil-te-ḳi rid ṣâbê iḫ-ta-ba-al rid ṣâbê a-na ig-ri-im it-ta-di-in rid ṣâbê i-na di-nim a-na dan-nim iš-ta-ra-aḳ ḳi-iš-ti šar-ru-um [a]-na rid ṣâbê id-di-nu il-te-di(=ḳi) lu PA.PA u lu NU.TUR šu-u id-da-ak

Source: Abulhab (2017, p. 38)

Normalization

šumma lu ša ḫaṭṭātim u lu laputtûm numāt rēdîm ilteqe, rēdiam iḫtabal rēdiam ana igrim ittadin* rēdiam ina dīnim ana dannim ištarak qīšti šarrum ana rēdîm iddinu ilteqe lu ša ḫaṭṭātim u lu laputtûm šû iddâk

Source: Richardson (2004, p. 54)

Translation

If a captain or an inspector has taken the private property of a soldier, has treated a soldier unfairly, has allowed a soldier to be hired, has offered a soldier to a powerful man in a court, or has taken from a soldier a presentation given by the king, such a captain or inspector shall be killed.24

Source: Richardson (2004, p. 55)

Inscription

Location of Law § 34 · Powered by Stele3DSM

Orientation Front
Side(s) Side 3
Column(s) Col. 11
Line(s) Lns. 51–64
Key
Law § 34
Prologue
Laws
Epilogue
Damage
Open Law § 34 in Stele3DSM

Logic

Logic Map for § 34 · Powered by LawgicSnifferSM

#
Steps
  • 1 If
  • 2
  • 3 a captain
  • 4 or
  • 5 an inspector
  • 6 has taken
  • 7 the private property of
  • 8 a soldier,
  • 9 has [unfairly] treated
  • 10 a soldier,
  • 11 has allowed
  • 12 a soldier
  • 13 to be hired,
  • 14 has offered
  • 15 a soldier
  • 16 to a powerful man in a court,
  • 17 or
  • 18 has taken from
  • 19 a soldier
  • 20 a presentation
  • 21 given by
  • 22 the king,
  • 23
  • 24 [then]
  • 25
  • 26 such a captain
  • 27 or
  • 28 inspector
  • 29 shall be killed.
  • 30
  • 31
  • 32

Vocabulary

Akkadian Words · Powered by GrammarSnifferSM

šumma (conditional Particle) "if; whether"

ša (relative Particle) "(introduces relative clause or epithet); who, whom; s/he who"

u (Conjunction)

ana (Preposition) "to, for, in order to"

ina (Preposition) "in, on, onto"

u (Conjunction)

iddâk (N-Stem Durative Verb form) 3rd Person Common Singular of dâku "to kill"

Citation

Dedović, B. "§ 34 - eHammurabi." OMNIKA Foundation, 25 Oct. 2023, ehlaw.org/law/34. [Accessed 3 Nov. 2024]

MLA 9

Dedović, B. (2023, October 25). § 34 - eHammurabi. OMNIKA Foundation. https://ehlaw.org/law/34

APA 7

Dedović, Boban. "§ 34 - eHammurabi." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation. Created October 25, 2023. Modified September 4, 2024. Accessed November 3, 2024. https://ehlaw.org/law/34.

CMS 16

Bibliography

Abulhab, Saad D. The Law Code of Hammurabi: Transliterated and Literally Translated from its Early Classical Arabic Language. New York, NY: Blautopf, 2017.

ACH

Bergmann, Eugen. Codex Ḫammurabi: Textus Primigenius. Rome, Italy: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1953.

CHTP

Huehnergard, John. A Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011.

HAG3

Huehnergard, John. Key to a Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2013.

HKEY3

OMNIKA Foundation Contributors. "OMNIKA: Digital Mythology Library & Search Engine." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation, accessed November 14, 2023. https://omnika.org. [Visit]

–

Richardson, Mervyn E.J. Hammurabi's Laws: Text, Translation and Glossary. New York, NY: T & T Clark International, 2004.

RHL

Sound of Text Contributors. "Sound of Text: AI Text-to-Speech." Accessed November 14, 2023. https://soundoftext.app. [Visit]

SoT

eHammurabi Glossary

The § symbol commonly denotes "a shorthand notation for the word 'section'."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Cuneiform commonly means "an ancient writing system used by various cultures around Mesopotamia."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Normalization commonly means "the application of grammatical rules unto transliterated sound values."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Translation commonly means "the conversion of linguistic contents and their meanings from one language into another."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Transliteration commonly means "the conversion of sound values from one writing system into another."

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