§ 198

Law § 198 of Hammurabi's Code

Summary
the punishment for either blinding an eye or breaking a bone of certain men is roughly one pound of silver.
Translation
If he has blinded a muškēnum’s eye or has broken a muškēnum’s bone, he will weigh out one mina of silver.
Law Group
Inscription

Cuneiform

Law § 198 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Source: Bergmann (1953, p. 26, col. R XVII, lns. 54–59)

Transliteration

šum-ma i-in MAŠ.EN.GAG úḫ-tap-pí-id ù lu GÌR.PAD.DU MAŠ.EN.GAG iš-te-bé-er 1 MA.NA KUG.BABBAR i-ša-qal

Source: Huehnergard (2013, p. 60)

Normalization

šumma īn muškēnim uḫtappid ū lū eṣemti muškēnim išteber, ištēn manā kaspam išaqqal.

Source: Huehnergard (2013, p. 60)

Translation

If he has blinded a muškēnum’s eye or has broken a muškēnum’s bone, he will weigh out one mina of silver.

Source: Huehnergard (2013, p. 60)

Inscription

Location of Law § 198 · Powered by Stele3DSM

Orientation Back
Side(s) Side 5
Column(s) Col. 40
Line(s) Lns. 54–59
Key
Law § 198
Prologue
Laws
Epilogue
Damage

Logic

Logic Map for § 198 · Powered by LawgicSnifferSM

#
Steps
  • 1 If
  • 2
  • 3 he
  • 4 has blinded
  • 5 a muškēnum’s
  • 6 eye
  • 7
  • 8 or
  • 9
  • 10 [he]
  • 11 has broken
  • 12 a muškēnum's
  • 13 bone,
  • 14
  • 15 [then]
  • 16
  • 17 he
  • 18 will weigh out
  • 19 one mina of silver
  • 20 [to said muškēnum.]
  • 21
  • 22
  • 23

Vocabulary

Akkadian Words · Powered by GrammarSnifferSM

šumma (conditional Particle) "if; whether"

muškēnim (Noun form) Masculine Singular Genitive of muškēnu "commoner"

Citation

Dedović, B. "§ 198 - eHammurabi." OMNIKA Foundation, 5 Nov. 2023, ehlaw.org/law/198. [Accessed 3 Nov. 2024]

MLA 9

Dedović, B. (2023, November 5). § 198 - eHammurabi. OMNIKA Foundation. https://ehlaw.org/law/198

APA 7

Dedović, Boban. "§ 198 - eHammurabi." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation. Created November 5, 2023. Modified August 27, 2024. Accessed November 3, 2024. https://ehlaw.org/law/198.

CMS 16

Bibliography

Abulhab, Saad D. The Law Code of Hammurabi: Transliterated and Literally Translated from its Early Classical Arabic Language. New York, NY: Blautopf, 2017.

ACH

Bergmann, Eugen. Codex Ḫammurabi: Textus Primigenius. Rome, Italy: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1953.

CHTP

Huehnergard, John. A Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011.

HAG3

Huehnergard, John. Key to a Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2013.

HKEY3

OMNIKA Foundation Contributors. "OMNIKA: Digital Mythology Library & Search Engine." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation, accessed November 14, 2023. https://omnika.org. [Visit]

Richardson, Mervyn E.J. Hammurabi's Laws: Text, Translation and Glossary. New York, NY: T & T Clark International, 2004.

RHL

Sound of Text Contributors. "Sound of Text: AI Text-to-Speech." Accessed November 14, 2023. https://soundoftext.app. [Visit]

SoT

eHammurabi Glossary

The § symbol commonly denotes "a shorthand notation for the word 'section'."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Cuneiform commonly means "an ancient writing system used by various cultures around Mesopotamia."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Normalization commonly means "the application of grammatical rules unto transliterated sound values."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Translation commonly means "the conversion of linguistic contents and their meanings from one language into another."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Transliteration commonly means "the conversion of sound values from one writing system into another."

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