§ 40

Law § 40 of Hammurabi's Code

Summary
certain individuals may exchange their real property for silver; and the new owner is responsible for said real property.
Translation
A temple-woman, a merchant and a tenant with special duties may exchange their field, their orchard or their house for silver. The purchaser shall perform the duties for the field, orchard or house which he buys.
Inscription

Cuneiform

Law § 40 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Source: Bergmann (1953, p. 9, col. XII, lns. 39–48)

Transliteration

aššatum tamkarum u il-kum a-ḫu-u-um eḳil-šu kirâ-šu u bî-zu ana kaspim i-na-ad-di-in ša-a-a-ma-nu-um i-li-ik eḳlim kirêm u bîtim ša i-ša-am-mu i-il-la-ak

Source: Abulhab (2017, p. 39)

Normalization

nadītum tamkārum u ilkum aḫûm eqelšu kirāšu u bīssu ana kaspim inaddin. šāyyimānum ilik eqlim kirîm u bītim ša išammu illak

Source: Richardson (2004, p. 54)

Translation

A temple-woman, a merchant and a tenant with special duties may exchange their field, their orchard or their house for silver. The purchaser shall perform the duties for the field, orchard or house which he buys.

Source: Richardson (2004, p. 55)

LawgicSnifferSM

Logic Map for § 40

#
Steps
Law Text
  • 1 [If]
  • 2
  • 3 a temple-woman,
  • 4 [or]
  • 5 a merchant
  • 6 [or]
  • 7 and a tenant with special duties
  • 8 [own]
  • 9 a field,
  • 10 [or]
  • 11 orchard
  • 12 or
  • 13 house
  • 14
  • 15 [then]
  • 16
  • 17 The temple-woman
  • 18 [or]
  • 19 merchant
  • 20 and
  • 21 tenant with special duties
  • 22 may exchange
  • 23 their field,
  • 24 [or]
  • 25 their orchard
  • 26 or
  • 27 their house
  • 28 for silver.
  • 29
  • 30 [and]
  • 31
  • 32 the purchaser
  • 33 shall perform the duties for
  • 34 the field,
  • 35 [or]
  • 36 orchard
  • 37 or
  • 38 house
  • 39 which he
  • 40 buys.
  • 41
  • 42
  • 43

GrammarSnifferSM

Akkadian Words in Law § 40

nadītum (Noun form) Feminine Singular Nominative of nadītu "temple priestess"

ilkum (Noun form) Masculine Singular Nominative of ilku "state service"

Citation

Dedović, B. "§ 40 - eHammurabi." OMNIKA Foundation, 26 Oct. 2023, ehlaw.org/law/40. [Accessed 27 Jul. 2024]

MLA 9

Dedović, B. (2023, October 26). § 40 - eHammurabi. OMNIKA Foundation. https://ehlaw.org/law/40

APA 7

Dedović, Boban. "§ 40 - eHammurabi." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation. Created October 26, 2023. Modified June 28, 2024. Accessed July 27, 2024. https://ehlaw.org/law/40.

CMS 16

Bibliography

Abulhab, Saad D. The Law Code of Hammurabi: Transliterated and Literally Translated from its Early Classical Arabic Language. New York, NY: Blautopf, 2017.

ACH

Bergmann, Eugen. Codex Ḫammurabi: Textus Primigenius. Rome, Italy: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1953.

CHTP

Huehnergard, John. A Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011.

HAG3

Huehnergard, John. Key to a Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2013.

HKEY3

OMNIKA Foundation Contributors. "OMNIKA: Digital Mythology Library & Search Engine." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation, accessed November 14, 2023. https://omnika.org. [Visit]

Richardson, Mervyn E.J. Hammurabi's Laws: Text, Translation and Glossary. New York, NY: T & T Clark International, 2004.

RHL

Sound of Text Contributors. "Sound of Text: AI Text-to-Speech." Accessed November 14, 2023. https://soundoftext.app. [Visit]

SoT

eHammurabi Glossary

The § symbol commonly denotes "a shorthand notation for the word 'section'."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Cuneiform commonly means "an ancient writing system used by various cultures around Mesopotamia."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Normalization commonly means "the application of grammatical rules unto transliterated sound values."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Translation commonly means "the conversion of linguistic contents and their meanings from one language into another."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Transliteration commonly means "the conversion of sound values from one writing system into another."

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