awīlim in the Law Code of Hammurabi
The Akkadian word awīlim appears in at least 15 provision(s) within Hammurabi's code:
- § 121 : (normalized Akkadian)
šumma awīlum ina bīt awīlim âm išpuk ina šanat ana ištēn kur êm ḫamšat qa âm idī našpakim inaddin.
- § 127 : (normalized Akkadian)
šumma awīlum eli entim ū aššat awīlim ubānam ušatriṣ-ma lā uktīn, awīlam šuāti maḫar dayyānī inaṭṭûšu; u muttassu ugallabū.
- § 130 : (normalized Akkadian)
šumma awīlum aššat awīlim ša zikaram lā īdû-ma ina bīt abīša wašbat ukabbilšī-ma ina sunīša ittatīl-ma iṣṣabtūšu, awīlum šū iddâk; sinništum šī ūtaššar.
- § 132 : (normalized Akkadian)
šumma aššat awīlim aššum zikarim šanîm ubānum elīša ittariṣ-ma itti zikarim šanîm ina utūlim lā ittaṣbat ana mutīša Id išalli.
- § 14 : (normalized Akkadian)
šumma awīlum mār awīlim ṣeḫram ištariq iddâk.
- § 176 : (normalized Akkadian)
u šumma warad ekallim ū lū warad muškēnim mārat awīlim īḫuz-ma inūma īḫuzūši qadum šeriktim ša bīt abīša ana bīt warad ekallim ū lū warad muškēnim īrum-ma ištu innemdū bītam īpušū bīšam iršû warkānum-ma lū warad ekallim ū lū warad muškēnim ana šīmtim ittalak mārat awīlim šeriktaša ileqqe; u mimma ša mussa u šī ištu innemdū iršû ana šinīšu izuzzū-ma mišlam bēl wardim ileqqe mišlam mārat awīlim ana mārīša ileqqe.
- § 2 : (normalized Akkadian)
šumma awīlum kišpī eli awīlim iddī-ma lā uktīššu, ša elīšu kišpū nadû ana Id illak; Id išalliam-ma šumma Id iktašassu mubbiršu bīssu itabbal; šumma awīlam šuāti Id ūtebbibaššū-ma ištalmam, ša elīšu kišpī iddû iddâk; ša Id išliam bīt mubbirīšu itabbal.
- § 209 : (normalized Akkadian)
šumma awīlum mārat awīlim imḫaṣ-ma ša libbīša uštaddīši, ešret šiqil kaspam ana ša libbīša išaqqal.
- § 213 : (normalized Akkadian)
šumma amat awīlim imḫaṣma ša libbiša uštaddīši, 2 šiqil kaspam išaqqal.
- § 228 : (normalized Akkadian)
šumma itinnum bītam ana awīlim īpuš-ma ušaklilšum, ana ištēn mūšar bītim šinā šiqil kaspam ana qīštīšu inaddiššum.
- § 25 : (normalized Akkadian)
šumma ina bīt awīlim išātum innapiḫ-ma awīlum ša ana bullîm illiku ana numāt bēl bītim īššu iššī-ma numāt bēl bītim ilteqe, awīlum šū ana išātim šuāti innaddi.
- § 280 : (normalized Akkadian)
šumma awīlum ina māt nukurtim wardam amtam ša awīlim ištām, inūma ina libbu mātim ittalkam«-ma» bēl wardim ū lū amtim lū warassu ū lū amassu ūteddi, šumma wardum ū lū amtum šunu mārū mātim balum kaspim-ma andurāršunu iššakkan.
- § 59 : (normalized Akkadian)
šumma awīlum balum bēl kirîm ina kiri awīlim iṣam ikkis mišil manā kaspam išaqqal.
- § 7 : (normalized Akkadian)
šumma awīlum lū kaspam lū ḫurāṣam lū wardam lū amtam lū alpam lū immeram lū imēram ū lū mimma šumšu ina qāt mār awīlim ū lū warad awīlim balum šībī u riksātim ištām ū lū ana maṣṣarūtim imḫur awīlum šū šarrāq iddâk.
- § 9 : (normalized Akkadian)
šumma awīlum ša mimmûšu ḫalqu mimmâšu ḫalqam ina qāti/qātī awīlim iṣṣabat, awīlum ša ḫulqum ina qātīšu ṣabtu "nādinānum-mi iddinam; maḫar šībī-mi ašām" iqtabi, u bēl ḫulqim "šībī mūde ḫulqīyā-mi lublam" iqtabi, šayyāmānum nādin iddinūšum u šībī ša ina maḫrīšunu išāmu itbalam u bēl ḫulqim šībī mūde ḫulqīšu itbalam, dayyānū awâtīšunu immarū-ma šībū ša maḫrīšunu šīmum iššāmu u šībū mūde ḫulqim mūdûssunu maḫar ilim iqabbû-ma nādinānum šarrāq; iddâk; bēl ḫulqim ḫuluqšu ileqqe; šayyāmānum ina bīt nādinānim kasap išqulu ileqqe.
Citation
Dedović, B. "awīlim - eHammurabi." OMNIKA Foundation, 27 Feb. 2024, ehlaw.org/dictionary/word/awīlim. [Accessed 28 Jan. 2025]
Dedović, B. (2024, February 27). awīlim - eHammurabi. OMNIKA Foundation. https://ehlaw.org/dictionary/word/awīlim
Bibliography
Lauffenburger, Olivier. "AAF Assyrian Dictionary." France: Association Assyrophile de France. Accessed August 28, 2023. https://www.assyrianlanguages.org. [Visit]
OMNIKA Foundation Contributors. "PsychLing: Psycholinguistics Portal." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation. Accessed February 28, 2024. https://psycholinguistics.org. [Visit]
Richardson, Mervyn E.J. A Comprehensive Grammar to Hammurabi's Stele. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2014.
eHammurabi Glossary
The term Akkadian commonly means "an ancient language spoken and written in Mesopotamia between c. 3200 BCE – 200 CE."
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