§ 116

Law § 116 of Hammurabi's Code

Translation
If a pledge has died in her/his distrainer’s house through beating or through mistreatment, the owner of the pledge will convict his merchant, and if it was an awīlum’s offspring, they will execute his offspring, if it was an awīlum’s slave, he will weigh out one third mina of silver; and he will also forfeit whatever he had given.
Law Code
Law Code of Hammurabi
Law Group
Other Peoples' Property
Inscription

Cuneiform

Law § 116 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Source: Bergmann (1953, p. 14, col. R III, lns. 38–53)

Transliteration

šum-ma ni-pu-tum i-na É ne-pí-ša i-na ma-ḫa-ṣí-im ù lu i-na uš-šu-ši-im im-tu-ut be-el ni-pu-tim DAM.GÀR-šu ú-ka-an-ma šum-ma DUMU a-wi-lim DUMU-šu i-du-uk-ku šum-ma ÌR a-wi-lim 1/3 MA.NA KUG.BABBAR i-ša-qal ù i-na mi-im-ma šum-šu ma-la id-di-nu i-te-el-li

Source: Huehnergard (2011, p. 399–400)

Normalization

šumma nipûtum ina bīt nēpīša ina maḫāṣim ū lū ina uššušim imtūt, bēl nipûtim tamkāršu ukām-ma šumma mār awīlim māršu idukkū, šumma warad awīlim šalušti manā kaspam išaqqal; u ina mimma šumšu mala iddinu ītelli.

Source: Huehnergard (2013, p. 105)

Translation

If a pledge has died in her/his distrainer’s house through beating or through mistreatment, the owner of the pledge will convict his merchant, and if it was an awīlum’s offspring, they will execute his offspring, if it was an awīlum’s slave, he will weigh out one third mina of silver; and he will also forfeit whatever he had given.

Source: Huehnergard (2013, p. 105)

Cuneiform

Signs for Law § 116

  • Unavailable
    Source: Bergmann (1953, p. 14)
    Cuneiform
    Law § 116: cuneiform line art
    Source: Harper (1904, p. [pl. XXX])
    Cuneiform
    Law § 116: line art of cuneiform

Inscription

Location of Law § 116 · Powered by Stele3DSM

Orientation Back
Side(s) Side 5
Column(s) Col. 26
Line(s) Lns. 38–53
Key
Law § 116
Prologue
Laws
Epilogue
Damage
Open Law § 116 in Stele3DSM

Logic

Logic Map for § 116 · Powered by LawgicSnifferSM

#
Steps
  • 1 if:start If
  • 2 condition:start
  • 3 party:1 a pledge
  • 4 action has died in
  • 5 party:1 her/his
  • 6 party:2 distrainer's
  • 7 undefined house
  • 8 action through beating
  • 9 or or
  • 10 action through mistreatment,
  • 11 condition:end
  • 12 then:start [then]
  • 13 result:start
  • 14 party:3 the owner of
  • 15 party:1 the pledge
  • 16 action will convict
  • 17 party:3 his
  • 18 party:2 merchant,
  • 19 result:end
  • 20 then:end
  • 21 and and
  • 22 if:start if
  • 23 condition:start
  • 24 party:1 it
  • 25 action was
  • 26 party:4 an awīlum’s offspring,
  • 27 condition:end
  • 28 if:end
  • 29 then:start [then]
  • 30 result:start
  • 31 party:5 they
  • 32 action will execute
  • 33 party:2 his
  • 34 party:6 offspring,
  • 35 result:end
  • 36 then:end
  • 37 and [and]
  • 38 if:start if
  • 39 condition:start
  • 40 party:1 it
  • 41 action was
  • 42 party:7 an awīlum’s slave,
  • 43 condition:end
  • 44 if:end
  • 45 then:start [then]
  • 46 result:start
  • 47 party:2 he
  • 48 action will weigh out
  • 49 item:1 one third mina of silver;
  • 50 result:end
  • 51 then:end
  • 52 and and
  • 53 then:start [then]
  • 54 result:start
  • 55 party:2 he
  • 56 action will also forfeit
  • 57 item:2 whatever
  • 58 party:2 he
  • 59 action had given.
  • 60 result:end
  • 61 then:end
  • 62 if:end

Citation

Dedović, B. "§ 116 - eHammurabi." OMNIKA Foundation, 1 Nov. 2023, ehlaw.org/law/116. [Accessed 7 Nov. 2026]

MLA 9

Dedović, B. (2023, November 1). § 116 - eHammurabi. OMNIKA Foundation. https://ehlaw.org/law/116

APA 7

Dedović, Boban. "§ 116 - eHammurabi." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation. Created November 1, 2023. Modified December 24, 2024. Accessed November 7, 2026. https://ehlaw.org/law/116.

CMS 16

Bibliography

Abulhab, Saad D. The Law Code of Hammurabi: Transliterated and Literally Translated from its Early Classical Arabic Language. New York, NY: Blautopf, 2017.

ACH

Bergmann, Eugen. Codex Ḫammurabi: Textus Primigenius. Rome, Italy: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1953.

CHTP

Huehnergard, John. A Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011.

HAG3

Huehnergard, John. Key to a Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2013.

HKEY3

OMNIKA Foundation Contributors. "OMNIKA: Digital Mythology Library & Search Engine." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation, accessed November 14, 2023. https://omnika.org. [Visit]

–

Richardson, Mervyn E.J. Hammurabi's Laws: Text, Translation and Glossary. New York, NY: T & T Clark International, 2004.

RHL

Sound of Text Contributors. "Sound of Text: AI Text-to-Speech." Accessed November 14, 2023. https://soundoftext.app. [Visit]

SoT

eHammurabi Glossary

The § symbol commonly denotes "a shorthand notation for the word 'section'."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Cuneiform commonly means "an ancient writing system used by various cultures around Mesopotamia."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Normalization commonly means "the application of grammatical rules unto transliterated sound values."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Translation commonly means "the conversion of linguistic contents and their meanings from one language into another."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Transliteration commonly means "the conversion of sound values from one writing system into another."

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