§ 66

Law § 66 of Hammurabi's Code

Translation
If a man received silver from a merchant and his merchant preṣsed him but there was nothing for him to give (so that) he gave the merchant his orchard after pollination and said to him, “take however many dates grow in the orchard as your silver,” that merchant will not agree; it is the orchard owner who will get the dates that grow in the orchard, and then he will pay the merchant the silver and its interest according to his document, and the orchard owner himself will receive the excess dates that grow in the orchard.
Law Code
Law Code of Hammurabi
Law Group
Livestock, Fields, Land
Inscription

Cuneiform

Unavailable

Transliteration

šum-ma a-wi-lum KUG.BABBAR it-ti DAM.GÀR il-qé-ma DAM.GÀR-šu i-si-ir-šu-ma mi-im-ma ša na-da-nim la i-ba-aš-ši-šum KIRI6-šu iš-tu tar-ki-ib-tim a-na DAM.GÀR id-di-in-ma suluppī(ZÚ.LUM) ma-la i-na KIRI6 ib-ba-aš-šu-ú a-na KUG.BABBAR-ka ta-ba-al iq-bi-šum DAM.GÀR šu-ú ú-ul im-ma-gàr suluppī(ZÚ.LUM) ša i-na KIRI6 ib-ba-aš-šu-ú be-el KIRI6-ma i-le-qé-ma KUG.BABBAR ù MÁŠ-sú ša pī(KA) DUB-pí-šu DAM.GÀR i-ip-pa-al-ma suluppī(ZÚ.LUM) wa-at-ru-tim ša i-na KIRI6 ib-ba-aš-šu-ú be-el KIRI6-ma i-l[e-eq-qé]

Source: Huehnergard (2011, p. 368)

Normalization

šumma awīlum kaspam itti tamkārim ilqē-ma tamkāršu īsiršū-ma mimma ša nadānim lā ibaššīšum, kirīšu ištu tarkibtim ana tamkārim iddim-ma “suluppī mala ina kirîm ibbaššû ana kaspīka tabal,” iqbīšum, tamkārum šū ul immaggar; suluppī ša ina kirîm ibbaššû bēl kirîm-ma ileqqē-ma kaspam u ṣibassu ša pī ṭuppīšu tamkāram ippal-ma suluppī watrūtim ša ina kirîm ibbaššû bēl kirîm-ma il[eqqe].

Source: Huehnergard (2013, p. 94)

Translation

If a man received silver from a merchant and his merchant preṣsed him but there was nothing for him to give (so that) he gave the merchant his orchard after pollination and said to him, “take however many dates grow in the orchard as your silver,” that merchant will not agree; it is the orchard owner who will get the dates that grow in the orchard, and then he will pay the merchant the silver and its interest according to his document, and the orchard owner himself will receive the excess dates that grow in the orchard.

Source: Huehnergard (2013, p. 94)

Logic

Logic Map for § 66 · Powered by LawgicSnifferSM

#
Steps
  • 1 if:start If
  • 2 condition:start
  • 3 party:1 a man
  • 4 action received
  • 5 item:1 silver
  • 6 party:2 from a merchant
  • 7 condition:end
  • 8 and and
  • 9 condition:start
  • 10 party:1 his
  • 11 party:2 merchant
  • 12 action pressed
  • 13 party:1 him
  • 14 condition:end
  • 15 but but
  • 16 condition:start
  • 17 action there was nothing for
  • 18 party:1 him
  • 19 action to give
  • 20 condition:end
  • 21 result so that
  • 22 condition:start
  • 23 party:1 he
  • 24 action gave
  • 25 party:2 the merchant
  • 26 party:1 his
  • 27 item:2 orchard
  • 28 action after pollination
  • 29 condition:end
  • 30 and and
  • 31 condition:start
  • 32 party:1 [he]
  • 33 action said to
  • 34 party:2 him,
  • 35 action "take however many
  • 36 item:3 dates
  • 37 action grow in
  • 38 item:2 the orchard as
  • 39 party:2 your
  • 40 item:1 silver,"
  • 41 condition:end
  • 42 then:start [then]
  • 43 result:start
  • 44 party:2 that merchant
  • 45 negation will not
  • 46 action agree;
  • 47 result:end
  • 48 and [and]
  • 49 result:start
  • 50 action it is
  • 51 item:2 the orchard
  • 52 party:1 owner
  • 53 action who will get
  • 54 item:3 the dates
  • 55 action that grow in
  • 56 item:2 the orchard,
  • 57 result:end
  • 58 and and
  • 59 then then
  • 60 result:start
  • 61 party:1 he
  • 62 action will pay
  • 63 party:2 the merchant
  • 64 item:1 the silver
  • 65 and and
  • 66 item:1 its
  • 67 item:4 interest
  • 68 action according to
  • 69 party:1 his
  • 70 item:5 document,
  • 71 result:end
  • 72 and and
  • 73 result:start
  • 74 item:1 the orchard
  • 75 party:1 owner himself
  • 76 action will receive the excess
  • 77 item:3 dates
  • 78 action that grow in
  • 79 item:2 the orchard.
  • 80 result:end
  • 81 then:end
  • 82 if:end

Citation

Dedović, B. "§ 66 - eHammurabi." OMNIKA Foundation, 29 Oct. 2023, ehlaw.org/law/66. [Accessed 7 Nov. 2026]

MLA 9

Dedović, B. (2023, October 29). § 66 - eHammurabi. OMNIKA Foundation. https://ehlaw.org/law/66

APA 7

Dedović, Boban. "§ 66 - eHammurabi." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation. Created October 29, 2023. Modified September 4, 2024. Accessed November 7, 2026. https://ehlaw.org/law/66.

CMS 16

Bibliography

Abulhab, Saad D. The Law Code of Hammurabi: Transliterated and Literally Translated from its Early Classical Arabic Language. New York, NY: Blautopf, 2017.

ACH

Bergmann, Eugen. Codex Ḫammurabi: Textus Primigenius. Rome, Italy: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1953.

CHTP

Huehnergard, John. A Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011.

HAG3

Huehnergard, John. Key to a Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2013.

HKEY3

OMNIKA Foundation Contributors. "OMNIKA: Digital Mythology Library & Search Engine." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation, accessed November 14, 2023. https://omnika.org. [Visit]

–

Richardson, Mervyn E.J. Hammurabi's Laws: Text, Translation and Glossary. New York, NY: T & T Clark International, 2004.

RHL

Sound of Text Contributors. "Sound of Text: AI Text-to-Speech." Accessed November 14, 2023. https://soundoftext.app. [Visit]

SoT

eHammurabi Glossary

The § symbol commonly denotes "a shorthand notation for the word 'section'."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Cuneiform commonly means "an ancient writing system used by various cultures around Mesopotamia."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Normalization commonly means "the application of grammatical rules unto transliterated sound values."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Translation commonly means "the conversion of linguistic contents and their meanings from one language into another."

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eHammurabi Glossary

The term Transliteration commonly means "the conversion of sound values from one writing system into another."

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