§ 176

Law § 176 of Hammurabi's Code

Translation

And if a palace slave or a muškēnum’s slave married a daughter of an awīlum and when he married her she entered the house of the palace slave or muškēnum’s slave with a dowry from (lit., of) her father’s estate and afterward, after they were joined, made a home, (and) acquired property, the palace slave or the muškēnum’s slave passed on, the awīlum’s daughter will receive her dowry; further, whatever her husband and she acquired after they were joined will be divided in two, and the slave’s owner will receive half (and) the awīlum’s daughter will receive half for her children.

Law Code

Law Code of Hammurabi

Law Group

Inheritance

Inscription

Cuneiform

Source: Bergmann (1953, p. 23, col. R XIII–XIV, lns. 69–92; 1–21)

Transliteration

ù šum-ma ÌR É.GAL ù lu ÌR MAŠ.EN.GAG DUMU.MUNUS a-wi-lim i-ḫu-uz-ma i-nu-ma i-ḫu-zu-ši qá-du-um še-ri-ik-tim ša É a-bi-ša a-na É ÌR É.GAL ù lu ÌR MAŠ.EN.GAG i-ru-ub-ma iš-tu in-ne-em-du É i-pu-šu bi-ša-am ir-šu-ú wa-ar-ka-nu-um-ma lu ÌR É.GAL ù lu ÌR MAŠ.EN.GAG a-na ši-im-tim it-ta-la-ak DUMU.MUNUS a-wi-lim še-ri-ik-ta-ša i-le-qé ù mi-im-ma ša mu-sà ù ši-i iš-tu in-ne-em-du ir-šu-ú a-na ši-ni-šu i-zu-uz-zu-ma mi-iš-lam be-el ÌR i-le-qé mi-iš-lam DUMU.MUNUS a-wi-lim a-na DUMU.MEŠ-ša i-le-qé

Source: Huehnergard (2011, p. 384)

Normalization

u šumma warad ekallim ū lū warad muškēnim mārat awīlim īḫuz-ma inūma īḫuzūši qadum šeriktim ša bīt abīša ana bīt warad ekallim ū lū warad muškēnim īrum-ma ištu innemdū bītam īpušū bīšam iršû warkānum-ma lū warad ekallim ū lū warad muškēnim ana šīmtim ittalak mārat awīlim šeriktaša ileqqe; u mimma ša mussa u šī ištu innemdū iršû ana šinīšu izuzzū-ma mišlam bēl wardim ileqqe mišlam mārat awīlim ana mārīša ileqqe.

Source: Huehnergard (2013, p. 101)

Translation

And if a palace slave or a muškēnum’s slave married a daughter of an awīlum and when he married her she entered the house of the palace slave or muškēnum’s slave with a dowry from (lit., of) her father’s estate and afterward, after they were joined, made a home, (and) acquired property, the palace slave or the muškēnum’s slave passed on, the awīlum’s daughter will receive her dowry; further, whatever her husband and she acquired after they were joined will be divided in two, and the slave’s owner will receive half (and) the awīlum’s daughter will receive half for her children.

Source: Huehnergard (2013, p. 101)

Cuneiform

Signs for Law § 176

Unavailable

Source: Bergmann (1953, p. 23)
Cuneiform

Source: Harper (1904, p. [pl. L–LI])
Cuneiform

Inscription

Location of Law § 176 · Powered by Stele3D^SM

Orientation Back

Side(s) Side 5

Column(s) Cols. 36–37

Line(s) Lns. 69–21

Key

Law § 176

Prologue

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Damage

Open Law § 176 in Stele3D^SM

Logic

Logic Map for § 176 · Powered by LawgicSniffer^SM

#

Steps

1 if:start And if
2 condition:start
3 party:1 a palace slave
4 or or
5 party:2 a muškēnum’s slave
6 action married
7 party:3 a daughter
8 party:4 (of) an awīlum
9 condition:end
10 and and when
11 condition:start
12 party:1 he
13 or [or]
14 party:2 he
15 action married
16 party:3 her
17 party:3 she
18 action entered
19 item:1 the house
20 party:1 (of) the palace slave
21 or or
22 party:2 muškēnum’s slave
23 undefined with
24 item:2 a dowry
25 party:3 (from (lit., of)) her
26 party:4 father’s
27 item:3 estate
28 condition:end
29 and and afterward,
30 condition:start
31 undefined after
32 party:5 they [the slave and the awīlum'sdaughter]
33 action were joined,
34 and [and]
35 party:5 [they]
36 action made a home,
37 and and
38 party:5 [they]
39 action acquired
40 item:4 property,
41 condition:end
42 and [and]
43 condition:start
44 party:1 the palace slave
45 or or
46 party:2 the muškēnum’s slave
47 action passed on,
48 condition:end
49 then:start [then]
50 result:start
51 party:3 the awīlum’s daughter
52 action will receive
53 party:3 her
54 item:2 dowry;
55 result:end
56 and [and]
57 result:start
58 item:4 whatever
59 party:3 her
60 party:1 husband
61 or [or]
62 party:2 husband
63 and and
64 party:3 she
65 action acquired after
66 party:5 they
67 action were joined
68 action will be divided in two,
69 result:end
70 and and
71 result:start
72 party:1 the slave’s
73 party:2 the slave's
74 party:6 owner
75 action will receive half
76 and and
77 party:3 the awīlum’s daughter
78 action will receive half for
79 party:3 her
80 party:7 children.
81 result:end
82 then:end
83 if:end

Vocabulary

Akkadian Words · Powered by GrammarSniffer^SM

šumma (conditional Particle) "if; whether"

muškēnim (Noun form) Masculine Singular Genitive of muškēnu "commoner"

awīlim (Noun form) Masculine Singular Genitive of awīlu "man"

muškēnim (Noun form) Masculine Singular Genitive of muškēnu "commoner"

awīlim (Noun form) Masculine Singular Genitive of awīlu "man"

Citation

Dedović, B. "§ 176 - eHammurabi." OMNIKA Foundation, 4 Nov. 2023, ehlaw.org/law/176. [Accessed 7 Nov. 2026]

MLA 9

Dedović, B. (2023, November 4). § 176 - eHammurabi. OMNIKA Foundation. https://ehlaw.org/law/176

APA 7

Dedović, Boban. "§ 176 - eHammurabi." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation. Created November 4, 2023. Modified January 4, 2025. Accessed November 7, 2026. https://ehlaw.org/law/176.

CMS 16

Bibliography

Abulhab, Saad D. The Law Code of Hammurabi: Transliterated and Literally Translated from its Early Classical Arabic Language. New York, NY: Blautopf, 2017.

ACH

Bergmann, Eugen. Codex Ḫammurabi: Textus Primigenius. Rome, Italy: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1953.

CHTP

Huehnergard, John. A Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011.

HAG3

Huehnergard, John. Key to a Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2013.

HKEY3

OMNIKA Foundation Contributors. "OMNIKA: Digital Mythology Library & Search Engine." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation, accessed November 14, 2023. https://omnika.org. [Visit]

–

Richardson, Mervyn E.J. Hammurabi's Laws: Text, Translation and Glossary. New York, NY: T & T Clark International, 2004.

RHL

Sound of Text Contributors. "Sound of Text: AI Text-to-Speech." Accessed November 14, 2023. https://soundoftext.app. [Visit]

SoT

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§ 176